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. 2018 Jul 24;9:2893. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05125-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — GluACTP expression impairs visual avoidance behavior and behavioral plasticity. a Expression of GluA1CTP or GluA2CTP with bulk electroporation significantly decreased visually evoked eCSCs and iCSCs in transfected neurons compared to controls. The ratio of eCSCs to iCSCs in GluA1CTP- and GluA2CTP-expressing neurons remained comparable to control neurons. Control: n = 7; GluA1CTP: n = 8; GluA2CTP: n = 7. b Representative snapshots of tadpole behavior in response to upward moving spot stimuli (diameter 0.4 cm) in animals expressing GFP, GluA1CTP, or GluA2CTP in tectal neurons. Top panel: Control tadpoles turned to avoid an approaching stimulus. The swim trajectory over 500 ms is shown on the right. Tadpoles in which the optic tectum was electroporated with GluA1CTP (middle panel) or GluA2CTP (bottom panel) did not change swim trajectories in response to a moving stimulus. c Summary data: avoidance index in response to stimuli of diameters 0.04–0.6 cm for animals expressing GFP (control, n = 15) or GFP with GluA1CTP (n = 21) or GluA2CTP (n = 18) in the optic tectum. d GluA1CTP (n = 20) or GluA2CTP (n = 16) expression blocked visual experience-induced enhancement of visual avoidance behavior observed control tadpoles (n = 18). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ANOVA with Newman–Keuls test. Error bar: mean ± s.e.m.