Table 1.
The regulation and function of tetraspanins and their interacting partners.
| Protein | Regulatea | Regulated bya | Bindsa | Role in cella |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSPAN1 | N/A | TP73, mir-8 | NFKBIB | Endocytosis by proliferation |
| TSPAN2 | CTNNB1, Jnk, BAX | TCF7L2, calmodulin, ERN1, RTN4, TGFB3, dexamethasone, d-glucose | SNX13, MTCH1, REEP6, PTGFRN, ARF6, GLP1R, LPCAT3, ZDHHC6, LGALS3, TSPAN3, DAGLB, LCLAT1, HSDL1, FAM241A, SNX14 | Myelination, degeneration, development, differentiation, formation, upregulation, activation in, apoptosis |
| TSPAN3 | N/A | FAS, neutrophils, PAX3, camptothecin, L-dopa, mir-197 | ITGB1, LPAR1, RNF13, GABARAP, RDH14, MAP1LC3B2, SNX17, UGCG, FAM189B, GOLGA7, ZDHHC9, TNFRSF10B, RNF149, STX6, CDC6 | Migration, proliferation |
| TSPAN4 | Protein–protein complex | PLAG1, HK cells, MGEA5, hydrogen peroxide, CLOCK, estrogen | ITGA3, ITGB1, ITGA6, LOC100996763/NOTCH2NL, CREB3, Ul94, CD81, CD9, CLDN11, peptide, miR-1-3p (and other miRNAs w/seed GGAAUGU) | N/A |
| TSPAN5 | N/A | CST5, WT1, MGEA5, TNFSF11, STAT4, beta-estradiol | ATP2B3, LCLAT1, RDH14, FAM210B, KLHL2, THAP11, TMEM87A, PIEZO1, NAT14, BSCL2, AGPAT3, TVP23C, ALG11, SOAT1, SNX25 | Adhesion, proliferation, osteoclastogenesis |
| TSPAN6 | N/A | Seocalcitol, SOX4, RBM5, HRAS, TP53, SNX27, retromer | EVA1C, TMEM185A, CLEC5A, TNFRSF17, ASIC4, CDS1, TMEM30B, VNN2, SERPINA12, LYPD4, GPR141, LRRTM1, MAVS, TMEM173, IFIH1 | N/A |
| TSPAN7 | N/A | MYC, EZH2, HOXD3, IL15, LMO1, TAL1, NEUROG1, HDAC4, influenza A virus [A/Bangkok/RX73(H3N2)], CD3, PAX3, omeprazole, LIF, NKX2-1, large T antigen | HAVCR2, PI4KA, CREB3, BBS1, NEF, ADCY5, CACNA1A, KPTN, RBL1, LGALS3 | Shape change, cell spreading |
| TSPAN8 | GCG | FGF10, TCF, STAT5A, CBX5, CTNNB1, 2-bromoethylamine, SMARCA4, AR, doxorubicin, indomethacin, captopril, hexachlorobenzene, cyclophosphamide, lomustine, puromycin aminonucleoside | ITGB1, ITGA3, EPCAM, integrin, ITGA6, CLDN7, ACTA1, ATP1A1, integrin alpha 6 beta 1, integrin alpha6 beta1, CD44, PDX1, miR-125b-5p (and other miRNAs w/seed CCCUGAG) | Cell movement |
| TSPAN9 | N/A | EAhy926 cells, tamoxifen, ESR1, dexamethasone, cyclosporin A, NEF, CD3 | ELAVL1 | N/A |
| TSPAN10 | N/A | PRDM1 | HSD17B13, ADAM10, ADGRG5, PNLDC1 | N/A |
| TSPAN11 | N/A | N/A | POMC, CYB5R3, IGLL1/IGLL5, TM9SF4, ITGA7, ITGA6, REEP5, NRP2, ESYT1, ARL6IP5, ITGB1 | N/A |
| TSPAN12 | ADAM10, APP | GATA2, MGEA5, CLDN7, UPF2 | FTT0715, TFCP2, LRP5, NDP, FZD4, TSPAN12, ADAM10 | Proteolysis in, maturation in |
| TSPAN13 | Cyclic AMP | CBX5, STAT5A, SMARCA4, PMSG, ESR2, HDAC4, TNFSF11, TGFB3, Cg, UPF2 | GAG, GLP1R, APP, ELAVL1 | Osteoclastogenesis, accumulation in |
| TSPAN14 | GP6 | Tretinoin, TGM2 | ADAM10, PIK3R2, DPY30, PIK3CA, PIK3R3, ATP13A2, ELAVL1, HNF4A, REST | Molecular cleavage in |
| TSPAN15 | CDH2 | TCF7L2, F2RL1 | P2RY12, AGTR1, RETREG3, LPAR6, ADAM10, SLC7A1, SYPL2, SLC22A16, IPPK, FZD10, C3AR1, HTR3A, GYPB, ADGRE5, CLCC1 | Molecular cleavage in |
| TSPAN16 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TSPAN17 | N/A | KLF3, SATB1, calmodulin | PRAF2, FAM210B, ATP2A3, DHRS7, CCDC115, FAM189B, AGPAT3, TYW1, GHDC, PNPLA6, SLC44A1, RNF149, RETREG3, EPHX1, GP1BB | N/A |
| TSPAN18 | N/A | 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid | FITM2, RNF130, iucD | N/A |
| TSPAN19 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| UPK1B | N/A | UPK3A, UPK2, CNR1, TP63, PD 153035, rosiglitazone, troglitazone | UPK3A, SNX31, BCL2L13, BNIP2, CCDC155 | Differentiation |
| UPK1A | N/A | TP63, ATG16L1, OSM, SLC13A1, Caco2 cells, troglitazone, PD 153035 | ECEL1, DIRC2, TMEM223, TMEM62, LMF2, TUSC3, SOAT1, FZD3, DPY19L1, TMEM39A, FZD1, LRRC8A, NAT14, PIGO, CIB1 | Differentiation |
| PRPH2 | RHO, ROM1, 26s proteasome | CRX, RHO | PRPH2, ROM1 | Quantity, formation, function, synaptic transmission, overload in, length, generation, cell death, morphology |
| ROM1 | N/A | AHI1, PLAG1, PRPH2, NRL, NRG2, influenza A virus [A/Bangkok/RX73(H3N2)], NRG1, dihydrotestosterone, EGF | PRPH2, SPTLC2, PHGDH, ITSN1, EPN1 | Electrophysiology, degeneration, abnormal morphology, length, synaptic transmission, apoptosis, size |
| CD151 | ITGA3, ITGB1, ERK1/2, PRKCA, PTK2, P38 MAPK, PI4KA, Akt, CD63, PRKCB, collagen type I, CD81, CD151, laminin (complex), FN1 | MYC, ZDHHC2, PAX3, RET, integrin alpha 6 beta 4, mir-193, MITF, SMARCD3, T, BCL6, MKL2, MKL1, MGEA5, MYL2, valproic acid | ITGB1, ITGA3, ITGA6, ITGB4, CD9, ITGB3, ITGA5, GRAMD1C, integrin alpha 3 beta 1, TMED10, PI4KA, CD81, CD63, PRKCB, TMPRSS11B | Migration, adhesion, proliferation, abnormal morphology, thickness, lack, effacement, morphology, activation in, cell spreading |
| CD53 | BCL2L1, BAX, DHX32, KRT20, GLS, TPPP3, TFDP1, MRPL32, FAM43A, CD53, PRKCA, PRKCB, caspase, Akt | Tretinoin, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol, DYSF, CD3, RARA, IL15, RUNX1T1, RUNX1, MGEA5, SOX4, CREBBP, EP300, paclitaxel, PRDM1, vitamin E | PRKCA, PRKCB, ITGB1, CD81, GGT1, CD82, ITGA4, CD37, CD2, CD9, miR-224-5p (miRNAs w/seed AAGUCAC) | Apoptosis, invasiveness |
| CD37 | IgG1, Immunoglobulin, IgG, CD4, LCK, CD8, IgM, IGHG1, adenosine, Lfa-1, RAC1, ICAM1, IL2 | IL13, IGF1R, fluvoxamine, lipopolysaccharide, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, RAF1, PD98059 | ACPA, PURL, YBTQ, PG8786 084, CD19, CD53, SYK, KARS, PTPN6, LYN, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, CD81, MHC class II (complex), CR2 | Proliferation, adhesion, activation, chemotaxis, transendothelial migration, recruitment, cell death, cell division, internalization by, activation in |
| CD82 | CD82, EGFR, BCAR1, MET, PRKCA, RAC1, CRK, focal adhesion kinase, GRB2, ITGA3, CANX, ITGA5, ITGB1, PRKCB, SHC1 | IL1B, CD82, NFKBIA, ERBB2, APP, APBB1, IL6, TP63, NFkB (complex), ZFPM1, GSK3B, AURKB, P38 MAPK, mir-15, NEUROG1 | CD81, CD19, CD9, ITGA3, ITGB1, ITGA6, EGFR, PRKCA, MET, NFKB1, CD1D, PRKCB, ITGA5, CREB3, integrin beta 1 | Migration, invasion, transcription in, adhesion, accumulation in, motility, anoikis, invasion by, differentiation, signaling in |
| CD81 | CD19, IFNG, MMP14, TNF, CD81, IgM, IgA, ERK1/2, PRKCA, IgG1, IgG, Igg3, dopamine, SP1, GTF3A | CD81, phorbol myristate acetate, hepatitis C virus JFH-1, LY9, WIPF1, curcumin, HIST1H1T, Hist1h1a, hydrogen peroxide, butyric acid, ZBTB16, HRAS, laminin 5, interferon alpha, ADORA2A | E2, CR2, ITGB1, CD19, ITGA3, CD9, CD82, IGSF8, PTGFRN, CLDN1, ITGA5, HNRNPD, RAC2, E1, CD151 | Proliferation, abnormal morphology, adhesion, migration, motility, differentiation, number, phosphorylation in, entrance, binding |
| CD9 | CD9, IL2, ITGA3, ITGA5, PRKCA, ITGB1, SRC (family), MMP9, CBL, ERK1/2, CD69, YAP1, DPP4, CASP3, ERVW-1 | Decitabine, trichostatin A, forskolin, CD9, ZDHHC2, BCAP31, PRDX1, FOLR1, methylprednisolone, lactacystin, CCR5, MYC, MYCT1, E2F1, CXCR4 | ITGB1, ITGA3, IGSF8, ITGA5, CD81, PTGFRN, CD151, ITGA6, ITGB3, CD82, ITGA2, ITGB4, Psg18 (includes others), PRKCA, CD36 | Fusion, adhesion, proliferation, aggregation, migration, binding, apoptosis, motility, accumulation in, fertilization |
| CD63 | KDR, PLC gamma, SRC, PTK2, ERK1/2, Akt, VTN, laminin (family), FN1, collagen, ITGB1, TNF | F2, cytochalasin B, IL3, IFNG, collagen(s), C5, IL5, CSF2, guanosine triphosphate, LEP, roscovitine, CDK5R1, AP3B1, NEUROG3, ZFPM1 | ITGB1, LGALS8, RETREG3, LGALS3, LGALS9, TIMP1, ITGB3, ITGA3, PI4KA, CD151, MHC class II (complex), AP3M1, TSPAN2, TSPAN3, RNF13 | Adhesion, differentiation, endocytosis by, internalization in, tubulation by, sprouting in, phosphorylation in, tyrosine phosphorylation in, migration, growth |
| TSPAN31 | TSPAN31 | Benzo(a)pyrene, TSPAN31, IRF4, CREBBP, EP300, heavy metal, TFAP4, EAhy926 cells | ELAVL1 | Proliferation |
| TSPAN32 | IL2 | HOXA3, GATA2 | N/A | Proliferation, organization, activation, aggregation |
| TSPAN33 | PTGS2, NOTCH1, IFNB1, NOS1, NFkB (complex), ADAM10, Notch | NOTCH1, NOTCH2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, MAP3K8, tretinoin, IFNG, TLR4, TLR2, TLR3, dexamethasone | PLEKHA7, MSN, PDZD11, ADAM10, EZR | number, abnormal morphology, quantity, maturation in, signaling in, expression in, erythropoiesis |
aOrganized from the information of each gene collected from thousands of publications by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program. Please note that relationships for the proteins in the list of the “Regulate” and “Regulated by” may be not direct or supported directly by experiments although most of them are derived from experimental data mining by IPA from published papers.