Table 3.
Frequency, crude and adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for blood glucose testing and urine glucose testing by sociodemographic characteristic
| Total | Ever blood glucose test | Ever urine glucose test | |||||||
| n | % | % | OR 95% CI |
AOR 95% CI |
% | OR 95% CI |
AOR 95% CI |
||
| Sex | Male | 5684 | 47.0 | 13.9 | 5.3 | ||||
| Female | 6456 | 53.0 | 14.0 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) |
0.88 (0.68 to 1.15) |
5.0 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.11) |
0.78 (0.55 to 1.11) |
|
| Age (years) | 30–39 | 4108 | 33.6 | 9.8 | 3.5 | ||||
| 40–49 | 3051 | 25.2 | 13.0 | 1.37 (1.20 to 1.57) |
1.55 (1.33 to 1.81) |
4.1 | 1.18 (0.94 to 1.49) |
1.11 (0.86 to 1.45) |
|
| 50–59 | 2293 | 19.0 | 17.9 | 2.02 (1.72 to 2.37) |
2.57 (2.13 to 3.08) |
6.8 | 1.99 (1.57 to 2.52) |
1.93 (1.45 to 2.56) |
|
| 60–69 | 1917 | 15.9 | 18.7 | 2.13 (1.80 to 2.51) |
2.59 (2.09 to 3.22) |
7.9 | 2.34 (1.88 to 2.90) |
2.12 (1.60 to 2.81) |
|
| 70+ | 771 | 6.3 | 16.5 | 1.82 (1.46 to 2.27) |
1.80 (1.32 to 2.45) |
6.5 | 1.89 (1.35 to 2.66) |
1.54 (0.99 to 2.41) |
|
| Currently married | No | 1508 | 12.2 | 16.5 | 5.9 | ||||
| Yes | 10 632 | 87.8 | 13.6 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.94) |
0.76 (0.62 to 0.93) |
5.1 | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07) |
0.88 (0.63 to 1.22) |
|
| Education | No formal | 6057 | 49.5 | 9.4 | 3.6 | ||||
| Incomplete primary | 2777 | 23.3 | 12.8 | 1.42 (1.21 to 1.66) |
1.61 (1.26 to 2.05) |
4.8 | 1.35 (1.07 to 1.71) |
1.69 (1.21 to 2.36) |
|
| Completed at least primary | 3306 | 27.2 | 23.2 | 2.90 (2.47 to 3.41) |
2.50 (1.86 to 3.35) |
8.4 | 2.46 (1.97 to 3.07) |
2.20 (1.39 to 3.48) |
|
| Literate | Illiterate | 7475 | 61.4 | 10.0 | 3.8 | ||||
| Literate | 4665 | 38.6 | 20.4 | 2.31 (2.03 to 2.63) |
1.15 (0.90 to 1.47) |
7.3 | 1.99 (1.66 to 2.39) |
0.98 (0.67 to 1.45) |
|
| Occupation | Unemployed | 6703 | 55.1 | 15.3 | 5.7 | ||||
| Manual | 4034 | 33.3 | 9.1 | 0.55 (0.47 to 0.65) |
0.58 (0.43 to 0.78) |
3.1 | 0.53 (0.43 to 0.66) |
0.52 (0.36 to 0.75) |
|
| Professional | 1401 | 11.6 | 21.7 | 1.54 (1.31 to 1.80) |
0.87 (0.64 to 1.19) |
8.4 | 1.51 (1.17 to 1.95) |
0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) |
|
| Wealth | Most poor | 2431 | 19.7 | 7.8 | 3.3 | ||||
| 2 | 2445 | 20.4 | 7.4 | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.24) |
0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) |
3.4 | 1.04 (0.70 to 1.54) |
0.97 (0.66 to 1.42) |
|
| 3 | 2441 | 20.2 | 11.1 | 1.47 (1.18 to 1.82) |
1.32 (1.05 to 1.64) |
4.4 | 1.37 (0.98 to 1.92) |
1.21 (0.88 to 1.66) |
|
| 4 | 2403 | 19.6 | 14.4 | 1.97 (1.59 to 2.45) |
1.60 (1.27 to 2.01) |
4.8 | 1.50 (1.10 to 2.04) |
1.16 (0.86 to 1.57) |
|
| Least poor | 2420 | 20.1 | 29.2 | 4.86 (3.95 to 5.98) |
2.91 (2.32 to 3.66) |
9.9 | 3.23 (2.36 to 4.42) |
1.53 (1.09 to 2.13) |
|
| Religion | Other | 1140 | 9.2 | 20.3 | 9.0 | ||||
| Muslim | 11 000 | 90.8 | 13.3 | 0.60 (0.47 to 0.77) |
0.78 (0.60 to 1.02) |
4.8 | 0.51 (0.34 to 0.77) |
0.64 (0.42 to 0.98) |
|
| Diabetic status | Normoglycaemic | 8364 | 69.2 | 11.0 | 3.4 | ||||
| Intermediate hyperglycaemia | 2455 | 20.5 | 12.4 | 1.15 (0.97 to 1.35) |
1.03 (0.88 to 1.21) |
4.0 | 1.17 (0.92 to 1.48) |
1.06 (0.84 to 1.34) |
|
| Unknown diabetic | 918 | 7.7 | 17.3 | 1.70 (1.38 to 2.09) |
1.36 (1.09 to 1.69) |
6.0 | 1.79 (1.31 to 2.43) |
1.50 (1.10 to 2.05) |
|
| Known diabetic | 310 | 2.6 | 98.0 | 400.02 (168.77 to 948.13) |
348.01 (141.51 to 855.86) |
59.6 | 41.50 (30.81 to 55.90) |
28.85 (20.87 to 39.89) |
|
| Total | 12 140 | 100 | 14.0 | 5.2 | |||||
Proportions are cluster means. All ORs and 95% CIs are adjusted for the stratified, clustered survey design. Adjusted ORs are adjusted for all covariates.
n for multivariate analysis=12 045 due to missing occupation or diabetic status data for 95 individuals.