Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| LMWH [A] | Warfarin [B] | Rivaroxaban [C] | P‐valuesa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=735) | (N=1403) | (N=709) | [A] vs [B] | [A] vs [C] | |
| Age, mean (SD) [median] | 71.2 (10.4) [71.0] | 73.3 (10.5) [73.0] | 73.3 (9.5) [73.0] | <.001 | <.001 |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 389 (52.9) | 699 (49.8) | 353 (49.8) | .173 | .233 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| White | 534 (72.7) | 1092 (77.8) | 567 (80.0) | .008 | .001 |
| Black | 101 (13.7) | 202 (14.4) | 79 (11.1) | .679 | .135 |
| Hispanic | 7 (1.0) | 9 (0.6) | 6 (0.8) | .428 | .831 |
| Other | 17 (2.3) | 21 (1.5) | 10 (1.4) | .175 | .206 |
| Unknown | 76 (10.3) | 79 (5.6) | 47 (6.6) | <.001 | .012 |
| Region,b n (%) | |||||
| South | 406 (55.2) | 779 (55.5) | 483 (68.1) | .900 | <.001 |
| Midwest | 227 (30.9) | 414 (29.5) | 151 (21.3) | .509 | <.001 |
| Northeast | 26 (3.5) | 33 (2.4) | 11 (1.6) | .122 | .399 |
| West | 76 (10.3) | 177 (12.6) | 64 (9.0) | .112 | .017 |
| Type of primary cancer,b n (%) | |||||
| Solid cancer | 675 (91.8) | 1,244 (88.7) | 633 (89.3) | .022 | .096 |
| Lung | 154 (21.0) | 216 (15.4) | 139 (19.6) | .001 | .525 |
| Prostate | 44 (6.0) | 191 (13.6) | 91 (12.8) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Breast | 50 (6.8) | 181 (12.9) | 87 (12.3) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Colorectal | 98 (13.3) | 166 (11.8) | 84 (11.8) | .316 | .395 |
| Other solid cancer | 329 (44.8) | 490 (34.9) | 232 (32.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Hematologic cancer | 70 (9.5) | 161 (11.5) | 93 (10.9) | .167 | .823 |
| Time from cancer to first VTE, n (%) | |||||
| Less than 6 months | 496 (67.5) | 736 (52.5) | 350 (49.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| 6 months to 1 year | 79 (10.7) | 175 (12.5) | 89 (12.6) | .242 | .285 |
| More than 1 year | 160 (21.8) | 492 (35.1) | 270 (38.1) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Type of index VTE, n (%) | |||||
| PE | 200 (27.2) | 367 (26.2) | 200 (28.2) | .600 | .672 |
| DVT | 395 (53.7) | 782 (55.7) | 393 (55.4) | .378 | .519 |
| PE and DVT | 140 (19.0) | 254 (18.1) | 116 (16.4) | .593 | .181 |
| Index VTE | |||||
| Hospitalization, n (%) | 459 (62.4) | 950 (67.7) | 424 (59.8) | .015 | .302 |
| LOS (days), mean (SD) [median] | 6.4 (4.9) [5.0] | 7.6 (5.9) [6.0] | 5.9 (4.8) [5.0] | <.001 | .099 |
| Outpatient, n (%) | 194 (26.4) | 320 (22.8) | 189 (26.7) | .065 | .910 |
| Emergency department, n (%) | 82 (11.2) | 133 (9.5) | 96 (13.5) | .221 | .168 |
| VTE risk by cancer type at baseline,c n (%) | |||||
| Very high riskd | 110 (15.0) | 133 (9.5) | 55 (7.8) | <.001 | <.001 |
| High riske | 282 (38.4) | 387 (27.6) | 226 (31.9) | <.001 | .010 |
| Antineoplastic use at baseline,c n (%) | 92 (12.5) | 186 (13.3) | 104 (14.7) | .629 | .233 |
| Quan‐Charlson comorbidity index,c mean (SD) [median] | 5.0 (3.1) [6.0] | 4.6 (3.0) [4.0] | 4.2 (2.9) [4.0] | .001 | <.001 |
| Selected baseline comorbidities,c n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 486 (66.1) | 1,057 (75.3) | 503 (70.9) | <.001 | .143 |
| COPD | 181 (24.6) | 435 (31.0) | 220 (31.0) | .008 | .025 |
| Diabetes | 202 (27.5) | 438 (31.2) | 207 (29.2) | .199 | .733 |
| Congestive heart failure | 80 (10.9) | 221 (15.8) | 106 (15.0) | .009 | .068 |
| Liver diseases | 161 (21.9) | 179 (12.8) | 90 (12.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Obesity | 77 (10.5) | 172 (12.3) | 73 (10.3) | .474 | .927 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 43 (5.9) | 128 (9.1) | 69 (9.7) | .030 | .022 |
| Stroke/TIA | 42 (5.7) | 103 (7.3) | 36 (5.1) | .364 | .805 |
| Provoked VTEf , g, n (%) | 79 (10.7) | 180 (12.8) | 74 (10.4) | .161 | .848 |
| Prior surgeryf, n (%) | |||||
| Major surgery | 138 (18.8) | 279 (19.9) | 108 (15.2) | .538 | .073 |
| Abdominal | 190 (25.9) | 296 (21.1) | 113 (15.9) | .013 | <.001 |
| Surgery‐provoked VTEh | 13 (1.8) | 47 (3.3) | 20 (2.8) | .035 | .181 |
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT = deep vein thrombosis; LMWH = low–molecular‐weight heparin; LOS = length of stay; PE = pulmonary embolism; SD = standard deviation; TIA = transient ischemic attack; VTE = venous thromboembolism.
P‐values were estimated using Student t tests for continuous variables and Chi‐squared tests for categorical variables.
Not mutually exclusive.
Evaluated during the 6‐month baseline period.
Stomach, pancreas, or brain tumor.
Lung, lymphoma, gynecologic, bladder, testicular, or renal cancer.
Evaluated during the 30‐day period prior to the index VTE.
Defined as an index VTE with trauma, acute spinal cord injury, fracture, estrogen therapy, pregnancy/postpartum state, oral contraceptive use, neurosurgery or orthopedic surgery.
Defined as an index VTE with neurosurgery or orthopedic surgery.