Table 3.
Empirical evidence of COX1 inhibitor relative potency in causing hyperuricemia in two animal models: sensitive Gyps vultures and domestic fowl.
| COX1 inhibition potency |
chemicala | Gyps vultures | Poultry | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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|
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| referenceb | dose (mg/kg); adminc |
affected/exposed; % | referenceb | dose (mg/kg); adminb | affected/exposed; % | ||
|
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| very potent | FL | 1 | 1.0; food | (1/2); 50% | 2 | 2.5/d × 4 d; IM | (1/5); 20% |
| 2 | 5/d × 4 d; IM | (2/5); 40% | |||||
|
|
|
|
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| potent | KP | 6 | 0.5–1; food | not significant | 7 | 10/d × 4 d; IM | not significant; 0% |
| 6 | 1.3–1.4; oral | not significant | |||||
| 6 | 1.5,1.8; oral | (1/2); 50% | |||||
| 6 | 5; oral | (4/8); 50% | |||||
|
|
|
|
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| potent | IM | 9 | 2.5; IM | significant | |||
| 5; IM | significant | ||||||
|
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| potent | DF | 5 | 0.1–2.5; food | (2/2); 100% | 13 | 1.25/wk × 5 wk; IM | (2/6); 33% |
| 10 | 0.25; oral | (2/2); 100% | 13 | 2.5/wk × 5 wk; IM | (2/6); 33% | ||
| 10 | 2.5: oral | (1/2); 50% | 13 | 5/wk × 5 wk; IM | (2/6); 33% | ||
| 11 | 0.8; oral | (2/2); 100% | 13 | 10/wk × 5 wk; IM | (3/6); 50% | ||
| 11 | 0.8; oral | (3/3); 100% | 14 | 2.5/d × 4 d; oral | (1/10); 10% | ||
| 13 | 0.8; IV | significant | 14 | 5/d × 4 d; oral | (3/10); 30% | ||
| 12 | 0.8; IV | (2/2); 100% | 14 | 10/d × 4 d; oral | (5/10); 50% | ||
| 14 | 2.5/d × 4 d; IM | (3/10); 30% | |||||
| 14 | 5/d × 4 d; IM | (4/10); 40% | |||||
| 14 | 1/d0 × 4 d; IM | (7/10); 70% | |||||
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| moderate | CF | 17 | 400 on d 1, then 250/d × 4 d; SC | significantd | |||
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| weak-moderates | MX | 18 | 0.5; oral | (0/5); 0% | |||
| 18 | 1.0; oral | (0/5); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 2.0 | (0/5); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 2.0 | (0/14); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 2.0 | (0/21); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 0.03–1.98 | (0/6); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 1.18–2.45 | (0/6); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 0.50 | (0/3); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 2.0 | (0/3); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 0.50 | (0/2); 0% | |||||
| 18 | 2.0 | (0/2); 0% | |||||
| 19 | 2; IM | (0/4); 0% | |||||
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| weak-moderate | CP | 1 | 11.5; food | 1/2; 50% | |||
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| weak | PB | 1 | 1.7; food | (0/2); 0% | |||
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| weak | AS | 21 | 10/d × 5 d | not significant | |||
a
FL, flunixin; KP, ketoprofen; IM, indomethacin; DF, diclofenac; CF, clofibrate; MX, meloxicam; CP, carprofen; PB, phenylbutazone; AS, aspirin
b
References available in Supplementary data
c
Administration routes: food (field or lab); oral (oral gavage), IV (intra-venous), IM (intra-muscular), SC (sub-cutaneous)
d
CF effects were only significant in chicks co-exposed to propylthiouracil to obtain hyperlipidemic/hypothyroidal phenotype