Table 2.
Univariate analysis for the variables of patient/disease and medication characteristics, patients’ attitude towards medicine use and healthcare-professional-rated assessment.
| Variables | n | % rehospitalized | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 87 | 33.3 | |
| Patient and disease characteristics | |||
| Duration of index hospitalization | 0.99 (0.98–1.00)* | ||
| Diagnosis of psychotic disorder | |||
| Schizophrenia | 34 | 44.1 | Reference |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 13 | 23.1 | 0.49 (0.14–1.71) |
| Brief psychotic disorder | 18 | 33.3 | 0.66 (0.26–1.70) |
| Bipolar disorder I | 22 | 22.7 | 0.44 (0.16–1.20)* |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 52 | 34.6 | Reference |
| Female | 35 | 31.4 | 0.99 (0.47–2.01) |
| Age (years) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05)* | ||
| Residential situation | |||
| Alone | 40 | 40.0 | Reference |
| Living with others | 45 | 26.7 | 0.62 (0.29–1.31) |
| Other/unknown | 2 | 50.0 | 1.13 (0.15–8.57) |
| History of substance use | |||
| No | 64 | 34.4 | Reference |
| Yes | 23 | 30.4 | 0.82 (0.35–1.92) |
| First admission | |||
| Yes | 9 | 33.3 | Reference |
| No | 78 | 33.3 | 1.03 (0.31–3.40) |
| GAF score | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | ||
| Department at discharge | |||
| Open unit | 73 | 32.9 | Reference |
| Closed unit | 14 | 35.7 | 1.01 (0.38–2.64) |
| Medication characteristics | |||
| Number of AP used at discharge+ | |||
| One antipsychotic agent | 69 | 36.2 | Reference |
| ⩾Two antipsychotic agents | 18 | 22.2 | 0.56 (0.20–1.61) |
| Type of AP | |||
| First generation | 13 | 30.8 | 0.72 (0.25–2.06) |
| Second generation | 65 | 38.5 | Reference |
| Combination of both | 9 | 0.0 | NA |
| Number of comedications at discharge | 1.03 (0.99–1.15) | ||
| Patients themselves picked up medication at community pharmacy | |||
| No | 21 | 19.0 | Reference |
| Yes | 66 | 37.9 | 1.45 (0.87–2.39)* |
| Someone was always available to remind patients to take medication | |||
| Yes | 26 | 15.4 | Reference |
| No | 43 | 44.2 | 3.32 (1.13–9.78)** |
| Now and then | 18 | 33.3 | 2.41 (0.68–8.54)* |
| Somebody else was giving patients their medication when they were not taking it | |||
| Yes | 18 | 22.2 | Reference |
| No | 68 | 36.8 | 1.68 (0.59–4.84) |
| Unknown | 1 | 0.0 | NA |
| Patients’ attitude towards medication use | |||
| Belief groups | |||
| Ambivalent | 33 | 18.2 | Reference |
| Skeptical | 18 | 50.0 | 3.38 (1.20–9.50)** |
| Indifferent | 8 | 25.0 | 1.50 (0.30–7.44) |
| Accepting | 28 | 42.9 | 2.62 (0.98–7.00)* |
| BMQ-general | |||
| Harm score+ | 0.92 (0.81–1.04)* | ||
| Overuse score+ | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | ||
| Healthcare-professional-rated assessment | |||
| Physician asked whether patient was adherent to AP | |||
| Yes | 62 | 37.1 | Reference |
| No | 24 | 25.0 | 0.66 (0.27–1.61) |
| Do not know anymore | 1 | 0.0 | |
| Nurse asked whether patient was adherent to AP | |||
| Yes | 64 | 37.5 | Reference |
| No | 22 | 22.7 | 0.58 (0.22–1.52) |
| Do not know anymore | 1 | 0.0 | NA |
| Physician discussed AP adherence during admission | |||
| Yes | 71 | 32.4 | Reference |
| No | 15 | 33.3 | 1.06 (0.40–2.79) |
| Do not know anymore | 1 | 100.0 | NA |
| Nurse discussed AP adherence during admission | |||
| Yes | 65 | 38.5 | Reference |
| No | 21 | 19.0 | 0.45 (0.16–1.30)* |
| Do not know anymore | 1 | 0.0 | NA |
| Physician predicted patient would use AP after discharge | |||
| Yes | 72 | 37.5 | Reference |
| No | 7 | 0.0 | NA |
| I do not know | 8 | 25.0 | 0.63 (0.15–2.65) |
| Nurse predicted patient would use AP after discharge | |||
| Yes | 73 | 35.6 | Reference |
| No | 7 | 42.9 | 1.28 (0.39–4.22) |
| I do not know | 7 | 0.0 | NA |
| AP adherence prediction by physician (%) | 1.04 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| AP adherence prediction by nurse (%) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| Rehospitalization prediction by physician (%) | |||
| Prediction ⩽50% | 60 | 35.0 | Reference |
| Prediction >50% | 27 | 29.6 | 0.77 (0.34–1.75) |
| Rehospitalization prediction by nurse (%) | |||
| Prediction ⩽50% | 58 | 25.9 | Reference |
| Prediction >50% | 29 | 48.3 | 2.13 (1.03–4.42)** |
| Therapeutic relationship according to physician | |||
| Good | 60 | 36.7 | Reference |
| Moderate/bad | 27 | 25.9 | 0.71 (0.30–1.66) |
| Therapeutic relationship according to nurse | |||
| Good | 63 | 31.7 | Reference |
| Moderate/bad | 24 | 37.5 | 1.18 (0.54–2.59) |
*
p < 0.2; **p < 0.05.
+
Continuous variable.
AP, antipsychotics; BMQ, Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire; CI, confidence interval; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning scale; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable.