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. 2018 Apr 24;25(1):1025–1032. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1464081

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

(a and b) Plasma insulin concentration in normal rats following intranasal administration of insulin in the presence of 0.1 mM (a) or 0.25 mM (b) TCTP-PTD analogs containing l-amino acids. (c) Plasma insulin concentration following intranasal administration of insulin with 0.25 mM d-TCTP-PTD analogs. Insulin doses were 5 and 1 IU/kg for insulin alone and insulin plus PTD, respectively. Vertical bars indicate means ± SEM (n = 5–7). (d) LDH leakage in nasal fluid of normal rats following intranasal administration of insulin (1 IU/kg) with different PTDs. Sodium taurodeoxycholate (5% w/v) served as a positive control. Each bar represents mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < .01 versus insulin alone.