Figure 1.

Apremilast delayed arthritis onset and reduced arthritis scores in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. DBA/1J-FoxP3^gfp mice were immunized with type II collagen emulsified with Freund’s complete adjuvant. On day 14 after immunization, Apremilast (5 or 25 mg/kg) was given orally once daily for 10 days. Vehicle alone (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.25% Tween 80, CMC) was administered by oral gavage as a negative control. (A) The incidence of arthritis and (B) arthritis severity scores were determined at various time points after immunization. (C) Total serum IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b anti-mouse type II collagen antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data indicate the mean ± SEM of five mice per group from two independent experiments. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA for comparison among multiple groups, followed by Turkey’s test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).