Table 1.
Summary of statistically significant differences detected between genotypes.
| Parameter differing between genotypes (experiment) | CTR vs. HET | HET vs. KO | CTR vs. KO | CTR vs. MUT | CTR: mean ± SEM | HET: mean ± SEM | KO: mean ± SEM | MUT: mean ± SEM | Figures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight [g] | >(***) | >(***) | >(***) | 22.33 ± 0.16 (n = 55) | 19.59 ± 0.19 (n = 33) | 18.45 ± 0.19 (n = 36) | 3A | ||
| Quality of nests | >(*) | 4.417 ± 0.270 (n = 12) | 3.781 ± 0.267 (n = 13) | 3.000 ± 0.382 (n = 6) | 3B | ||||
| Number of line crossings (open field) | >(*) | >(***) | 40.200 ± 4.499 (n = 10) | 17.667 ± 5.030 (n = 9) | 13.000 ± 4.499 (n = 10) | 4A | |||
| Exploratory activity - rearing (open field) | >(*) | >(***) | 13.600 ± 1.777 (n = 10) | 3.167 ± 1.986 (n = 9) | 1.300 ± 1.777 (n = 10) | 4B | |||
| Grooming (open field) | >(**) | 2.300 ± 0.216 (n = 10) | 1.750 ± 0.241 (n = 9) | 1.300 ± 0.216 (n = 10) | – | ||||
| Number of fecal boli deposited (open field) | >(*) | 3.500 ± 0.392 (n = 10) | 1.833 ± 0.438 (n = 9) | 2.000 ± 0.392 (n = 10) | 4C | ||||
| Latency to endpoint (hot plate 1) [s] | < (**) | < (*) | 21.18 ± 2.51 (n = 9) | 33.33 ± 2.19 (n = 12) | 32.50 ± 3.23 (n = 6) | 5B | |||
| Latency to endpoint (hot plate 2) [s] | < (*) | < (*) | 13.33 ± 2.80 (n = 7) | 24.50 ± 2.59 (n = 9) | 25.25 ± 2.59 (n = 8) | 5D | |||
| Mean call activity (F-F dyadic interactions) | >(***) | >(***) | 320.000 ± 23.533 (n = 4) | 67.200 ± 23.533 (n = 4) | 1.450 ± 23.533 (n = 4) | 6A | |||
| Mean USV duration (F-F dyadic interactions) [s] | >(***) | > (**) | >(***) | 0.038 ± 0.002 (n = 4) | 0.014 ± 0.002 (n = 4) | 0.005 ± 0.002 (n = 4) | 6B | ||
| Mean USV peak frequency (F-F dyadic interactions) [Hz] | < (*) | 71,012 ± 4,252 (n = 4) | 80,634 ± 4,252 (n = 4) | 88,829 ± 4,252 (n = 4) | 6C | ||||
| Total duration of body sniffing (F-F dyadic interactions) [s] | >(*) | >(*) | 44.502 ± 7.665 (n = 4) | 13.043 ± 7.665 (n = 4) | 8.013 ± 7.665 (n = 4) | – | |||
| Total duration of fights (M-M dyadic interactions) [s] | >(*) | 12.118 ± 3.200 (n = 5) | 4.261 ± 3.421 (n = 5) | 0.000 ± 3.200 (n = 5) | 7B | ||||
| Mean call activity (F-M dyadic interactions) | >(***) | >(***) | 344.20 ± 38.43 (n = 4) | 345.52 ± 34.37 (n = 5) | 63.86 ± 34.37 (n = 5) | 8A | |||
| Total duration of mounting attempts (F-M dyadic interactions) [s] | >(**) | 23.385 ± 5.052 (n = 4) | 9.376 ± 4.519 (n = 5) | 2.054 ± 4.519 (n = 5) | 8B | ||||
| Mean USV duration (F-M dyadic interactions) [s] | >(*) | >(*) | >(***) | 0.044 ± 0.004 (n = 4) | 0.029 ± 0.004 (n = 5) | 0.017 ± 0.004 (n = 5) | 8C | ||
| Mean USV peak frequency (F-M dyadic interactions) [Hz] | < (*) | 76,775 ± 2,697 (n = 4) | 84,568 ± 2,472 (n = 5) | 86,148 ± 2,530 (n = 5) | 8E | ||||
| Mean USV peak amplitude (F-M dyadic interactions) [db] | >(**) | >(***) | −23.27 ± 1.22 (n = 4) | −28.46 ± 1.12 (n = 5) | −31.87 ± 1.15 (n = 5) | 8F | |||
| Social dominance of males: rank obtained (tube test) | >(***) | >(***) | 2.646 ± 0.120 (n = 5) | 1.464 ± 0.128 (n = 4) | 1.681 ± 0.130 (n = 5) | 9A–D | |||
| Homecage activity counts (ActiviScope) | >(***) | >(***) | 22.89 ± 1.44 (n = 22) | 11.93 ± 1.55 (n = 16) | 10.56 ± 2.38 (n = 10) | S1 | |||
| Escape latency (Morris water maze, acquisition) [s] | < (*) | < (**) | 73.90 ± 6.88 (n = 12) | 99.90 ± 5.69 (n = 12) | 107.97 ± 8.42 (n = 6) | S2A | |||
| Escape latency (Morris water maze, reversal) [s] | < (***) | < (***) | 57.19 ± 7.40 (n = 12) | 100.38 ± 6.13 (n = 12) | 106.90 ± 9.07 (n = 6) | S2A | |||
| Swim speed (Morris water maze) [m/s] | >(*) | >(***) | 0.157 ± 0.007 (n = 12) | 0.136 ± 0.005 (n = 12) | 0.114 ± 0.008 (n = 6) | S2B | |||
| Circling behavior (Morris water maze) [°] | < (**) | < (***) | 586.3 ± 152.2 (n = 12) | 1428.8 ± 126.1 (n = 12) | 1808.5 ± 186.4 (n = 6) | S2C | |||
| Number of corner visits per day (IntelliCage, FAP) | >(***) | 135.20 ± 8.73 (n = 11) | 27.83 ± 9.66 (n = 9) | S3A | |||||
| Number of nosepokes per corner visit (IntelliCage) | < (***) | 5.871 ± 0.430 (n = 11) | 11.406 ± 0.649 (n = 9) | S3B | |||||
| Duration of corner visits (IntelliCage) [s] | < (***) | 33.14 ± 4.68 (n = 11) | 70.55 ± 8.04 (n = 9) | S3C | |||||
| Number of licks (IntelliCage, EXP) | >(***) | 1476.3 ± 87.9 (n = 11) | 681.9 ± 115.0 (n = 9) | S3D | |||||
| Spontaneous left/right side preferences (IntelliCage, adaptation) [%] | < (*) | 83.30 ± 0.43 (n = 11) | 85.27 ± 0.65 (n = 9) | S3E | |||||
| Spontaneous corner preferences (IntelliCage, FAP) [%] | < (***) | 34.32 ± 1.94 (n = 11) | 47.08 ± 2.68 (n = 9) | S3F | |||||
| Number of errors (IntelliCage, PPRA) | >(**) | 9.725 ± 0.549 (n = 11) | 6.375 ± 0.815 (n = 9) | S3G | |||||
| Number of errors (IntelliCage, PPRP) | >(***) | 13.164 ± 0.823 (n = 11) | 7.758 ± 1.259 (n = 9) | S3H | |||||
| Entries into open sectors (elevated zero maze) | > (**) | 23.35 ± 2.44 (n = 12) | 13.14 ± 2.19 (n = 15) | S4A | |||||
| Number of stretched attend postures (elevated zero maze) | >(**) | 1.808 ± 0.216 (n = 12) | 1.069 ± 0.194 (n = 15) | S4D | |||||
| Number of fecal boli deposited (elevated zero maze) | >(**) | 4.750 ± 0.494 (n = 12) | 2.589 ± 0.443 (n = 15) | S4E |
Each parameter detected to differ between genotypes is indicated in a separate line, together with the direction of its difference, statistical significance, mean ± SEM per genotype, and the respective figure. EXP, initial exploration period; FAP, free adaptation protocol; PPRA, place preference acquisition protocol; PPRP, place preference reversal protocol; >, larger/higher/longer; <, smaller/lower/shorter;
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.