Table 5.

Reaction 1 summary of Brønsted plot and estimated parameters (25°C, I = 0.1 M).

Acid Catalyst	pKa	p	q	$\log \left(\frac{{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{q}}{\mathrm{p}}\right)$	Model Implemented K1a±95% CId	Brønsted Plot k1 (M−2 s−1)	Model Estimated $\log \left(\frac{{\mathrm{k}}_1}{\mathrm{p}}\right)$	Br0nsted Estimated $\log \left(\frac{{\mathrm{k}}_1}{\mathrm{p}}\right)$
H2O	15.52	2	3	−15.34	1.1±0.095	2.0×10−2b	−2.0
HPO42−	11.71	1	4	−11.11	12	12		1.1
HCO3−	9.88	1	3	−9.40	200±6.6	200	2.3
NH4+	9.24	4	1	−9.84	98±14	98	1.4
H2PO4−	6.75	2	3	−6.57	(3.4±0.044)×105	3.4×105	5.2
H+	−1.74	3	2	1.56	(6.8±0.82)×108	6.8×108	8.4
H2CO3	3.23e	2	2	−3.23	2.4×103	1.9×106c		6.0
H3PO4	1.93	3	2	−2.11	1.4×107	1.4×107		6.7
K1					2.1±0.024

^aModel k₁ values are in M⁻² s⁻¹ except H₂O which is in M⁻² s⁻¹ and k₁ which is the equilibrium constant for reactions 1 and −1

^bModel k₁ divided by 55.5 M to arrive at Br0nsted k₁

^cModel k₁ is based on H₂CO₃ ; therefore, model k₁ value was multiplied by 795,$\frac{\left[H_{2}C{O}_3^{\ast }\right]}{\left[H_{2}C{O}_3\right]}$ , to arrive at Br0nsted k₁

^d95% confidence interval (CI) provided for model estimated parameters only

^epKa is for true H₂CO₃ concentration