Table 1.

Longitudinal Random Effects Models for Early-Life Determinants of CC16 Levels as Measured from Age 6 to Age 32 Years

	Model 1: Base Model, All Participants (N Subjects = 762; N Observations = 2,589)			Model 2: Base Model plus rs3741240*, White† Participants (N Subjects = 603; N Observations = 2,208)			Model 3: Model 2 plus Height and Cumulative Pack-Years*, White† Participants (N Subjects = 586; N Observations = 2,049)
	Coef	95% CI	P Value	Coef	95% CI	P Value	Coef	95% CI	P Value
Sex (ref: male)
Female	0.310	0.149 to 0.471	<0.001	0.273	0.095 to 0.451	0.003	0.259	0.072 to 0.446	0.007
Years (ref: Year 6)
Year 11	0.095	−0.025 to 0.214	0.120	0.112	−0.018 to 0.242	0.090	−0.101	−0.337 to 0.135	0.403
Year 16	0.238	0.111 to 0.365	<0.001	0.248	0.110 to 0.385	<0.001	−0.202	−0.647 to 0.243	0.373
Year 22	0.342	0.212 to 0.473	<0.001	0.377	0.236 to 0.517	<0.001	−0.063	−0.521 to 0.395	0.789
Year 26	0.308	0.171 to 0.444	<.001	0.316	0.170 to 0.461	<0.001	−0.100	−0.565 to 0.364	0.672
Year 32	0.331	0.169 to 0.493	<0.001	0.331	0.159 to 0.503	<0.001	−0.043	−0.517 to 0.431	0.857
Sex by year‡
Female: Year 11	−0.192	−0.362 to −0.022	0.027	−0.190	−0.375 to −0.006	0.043	−0.185	−0.385 to 0.016	0.071
Female: Year 16	−0.503	−0.685 to −0.322	<0.001	−0.471	−0.667 to −0.275	<0.001	−0.371	−0.589 to −0.153	0.001
Female: Year 22	−0.650	−0.834 to −0.466	<0.001	−0.620	−0.818 to −0.422	<0.001	−0.522	−0.745 to −0.300	<0.001
Female: Year 26	−0.574	−0.768 to −0.381	<0.001	−0.522	−0.729 to −0.314	<0.001	−0.440	−0.674 to −0.207	<0.001
Female: Year 32	−0.606	−0.830 to −0.383	<0.001	−0.594	−0.835 to −0.352	<0.001	−0.526	−0.790 to −0.262	<0.001
Parental ethnicity (ref: NHW/NHW)
NHW/Hispanic	0.017	−0.161 to 0.196	0.848	0.029	−0.148 to 0.206	0.748	0.043	−0.141 to 0.228	0.645
Hispanic/Hispanic	−0.197	−0.386 to −0.008	0.041	−0.193	−0.384 to −0.002	0.048	−0.162	−0.362 to 0.037	0.111
Other	−0.096	−0.283 to 0.090	0.312		N/A			N/A
Maternal age, yr	0.020	0.007 to 0.034	0.003	0.016	0.001 to 0.031	0.034	0.016	0.001 to 0.032	0.037
Mother smoked at Year 6 (ref: no)
Yes	−0.188	−0.341 to −0.034	0.017	−0.205	−0.369 to −0.041	0.014	−0.210	−0.381 to −0.038	0.017
Parental education (ref: both >12 yr)
Only mother >12 yr	−0.052	−0.252 to 0.148	0.612	−0.148	−0.363 to 0.067	0.176	−0.139	−0.360 to 0.082	0.217
Only father >12 yr	−0.001	−0.215 to 0.212	0.989	−0.112	−0.351 to 0.126	0.355	−0.113	−0.358 to 0.132	0.366
Neither >12 yr	−0.174	−0.347 to −0.001	0.048	−0.207	−0.395 to −0.019	0.031	−0.237	−0.432 to −0.041	0.018
rs3741240 (additive model per A allele)	N/A			−0.381	−0.470 to −0.292	<0.001	−0.383	−0.474 to −0.291	<0.001
Height, cm	N/A			N/A			0.007	0.0002 to 0.014	0.042
Cumulative smoking, pack-years	N/A			N/A			−0.030	−0.052 to −0.007	0.009

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; Coef = coefficient; N/A = not applicable; NHW = non-Hispanic white; ref = reference.

Circulating CC16 levels were expressed as z-scores in the model. N values in Table 1 are smaller than N values in Figure 1 because the former includes CC16 levels between ages 6 and 32 years; the latter also includes CC16 levels at birth.

^*Models including rs3741240 were restricted to white participants to control for population stratification. No differences in minor allele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs3741240 were present across the ethnic groups NHW/NHW, NHW/Hispanic, and Hispanic/Hispanic. In addition, significant effects of rs3741240 on CC16 levels were found in all three ethnic groups.

^†Both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white participants.

^‡Coefficients represent interaction between sex and year.