Table 2.

Overarching Priority Areas in Pneumonia Research

Connect endotyping with host-directed therapies	Use clinical and biological data to establish and better delineate endotypes of pneumonia
	Develop metrics for assigning endotypes to individual patients
	Test abilities of already available host-directed therapies to improve pneumonia treatment, guided by endotype
	Develop and test novel endotype-directed therapies for pneumonia, based on advances in mechanistic understanding
Generate predictive tools for pneumonia	For those with risk factors, develop measurements that discriminate who will most likely get pneumonia
	For those with pneumonia, develop measurements that discriminate who will most likely experience clinical failure
	For those recovering, develop measurements that discriminate who will most likely have recurrence, cardiovascular events, pulmonary decrements, cognitive decline, or other sequelae
Elucidate defense mechanisms in the protected lung	Refine, improve, or develop alternatives for approaches to better studying the protected lung
	Determine how lung defense is affected by earlier life experiences, including antecedent respiratory infections
	Define defense roles of cells within the lung interstitium