Table 2.

Age- and Multivariate-Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Rosacea According to Smoking Status, Nurses’ Health Study II, 1991–2005

Smoking Status and Quantity Smoked, cigarettes/day	No. of Cases	No. of Person-Years	Crude Incidence Rate/100,000 Person-Years	Age-Adjusted		Multivariable-Adjusteda
				HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Never smoker	3,586	851,853	421	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Past smoker	1,531	305,076	502	1.14	1.08, 1.22	1.09	1.03, 1.16
1–4	382	78,304	488	1.10	0.99, 1.23	1.06	0.96, 1.18
5–14	466	95,992	485	1.11	1.00, 1.22	1.07	0.97, 1.18
15–24	426	87,813	485	1.11	1.00, 1.23	1.05	0.95, 1.16
≥25	257	42,968	598	1.38	1.22, 1.57	1.29	1.13, 1.46
Ptrend				<0.0001		0.001
Current smoker	345	130,545	264	0.65	0.59, 0.73	0.65	0.58, 0.72
1–4	82	21,452	382	0.95	0.76, 1.18	0.91	0.73, 1.14
5–14	103	41,342	249	0.60	0.50, 0.73	0.61	0.50, 0.74
15–24	107	48,442	221	0.55	0.46, 0.67	0.55	0.45, 0.66
≥25	53	19,309	274	0.69	0.53, 0.91	0.67	0.51, 0.89
Ptrend				<0.0001		<0.0001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.

^a Adjusted for age (years; continuous variable), race/ethnicity (% non-Hispanic white), body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)²; continuous variable), postmenopausal hormone use (premenopausal, never use, current use, or past use), alcohol drinking (none, or <4.9, 5.0–9.9, 10–14.9, 15–29.9, or ≥30.0 g/day), and physical activity (MET-hours/week, in quintiles).