Figure 1.

Schematic of the encoding and retrieval tasks. (A) During each encoding trial, participants were presented with a noun followed by a sound or picture. Participants rated how well the noun described the sound or picture on a scale from 1—best to 4—worst. (B) During each retrieval trial, participants were presented with a noun they had studied. Participants then indicated whether the noun was definitely studied with a sound, definitely studied with a picture, or they were unsure. In both tasks, the response period was followed by an active baseline task.