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. 2018 Jul 19;8(7):e019804. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019804

Table 1.

Characteristics of all included studies

First author, year of publication Setting, geographic location Participants Joint Severity Study design
Drug withdrawal design studies
Altman, 201524 Multicentre, recruitment not specified, USA 403 males and females, ≥40 years Knee and hip KL grade 2–3 RCT, flare design
Baer, 200526 17 medical centres recruiting from community and physician private practice; Canada 216 males and females, 40–85 years Knee Radiographic evidence of OA (severity not defined) RCT, flare design
Baraf, 201127 Primary care, internal medicine, orthopaedic, rheumatology; USA 602 males and females, ≥25 years Knee Radiographically mild to moderate (KL grade 1–3) RCT, flare design
Battisti, 200428 Clinical centres, outpatients; USA 3980 males and females, ≥40 years (age unavailable for Geba 2003 and Weaver 2003) Knee ACR functional class rating of I, II or III RCT, pooled four trials, flare design
Bingham, 200729
Bingham, 201175 		2×74 outpatient clinics; USA 1207 males and females, ≥40 years Knee and hip ARA functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Birbara, 200630 Investigative sites; USA 808 males and females, ≥40 years Knee ARA functional class, I, II or III RCT, flare design
Bocanegra, 199831 Clinic; USA 572 males and females, 28–88 years (mean 61–62) Knee and hip ARA functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Boswell, 200832 50 centres (Europe and Australia)+187 centres (Europe and USA) 1908 males and females, ≥40 years Knee KL scale 2 or 3 and ARA class rating of I, II or III Pooled RCTs (2; one flare design, one non-flare), flare design
Brandt, 200633 (pilot studies) Community; USA 30 males and females, mean age 62 years Knee KL≥2 Cohort design, flare design
Case, 200334 Hospital-rheumatology centre; Chicago, USA 82 males and females, 40–75 years Knee KL≥1, and clinical criteria (pre-enrolment ambulatory pain); moderate pain by a 5-point Likert scale or increased pain RCT, flare design
Day, 200073 49 investigative sites in 26 countries 809 males and females, mean age range 62–65 years Knee and hip ARA functional class I–III, symptomatic for at least 6 months RCT, flare design
Ehrich, 199935 Clinical centres; USA 219 males and females, >40 years Knee ARA functional class, I, II or III RCT, flare design
Essex, 201236 Clinical centre; African-American, USA 322 males and females, ≥45 years Knee ARA functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Essex 201376 Hispanic population, 31 US centres ≥45 years Knee ACR criteria, functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Gibofsky, 201437 Not specified, USA 305 males and females, 41–90 years Knee and hip KL 2–3 RCT, flare design
Gineyts, 200438 Subset of larger study; France 201 males and females, mean age 61–62 years Knee and hip ARA I–III RCT, flare design
Goldberg, 198839 Investigative sites; USA 214 males and females, 40–85 years (mean 64) Knee and hip Radiographic evidence of knee OA, not further defined RCT, flare design
Gottesdiener, 200240 Investigative sites; USA 617 males and females, ≥40 years Knee ARA functional class I–III RCT, flare design
Hochberg, 201141 Centres; USA 1234 males and females, ≥50 years Knee ACR functional class I–III Pooled RCTs (2), flare design
Katz, 201042 Clinical sites; USA 113 males and females, 28–83 years (median 57) Knee and hip OA of hip and knee as diagnosed using ACR criteria, no definition of severity RCT, flare design
Kivitz, 200143 Investigative sites; USA 491 males and females, 28–91 years (mean 58–61) Knee Confirmation of OA on weight-bearing radiograph, no definition of severity RCT, flare design
Kivitz, 200474 Outpatient sites; USA 1042 males and females, ≥40 years Knee ACR rating of I–III RCT, flare design
Leung, 200245 Clinic; USA 677 males and females, ≥40 y Knee and hip ARA functional class, I, II, or III RCT, flare design
Luyten, 200745 Centres; Belgium 181 males and females, ≥40 years Knee and hip ACR functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Manicourt, 200547 Outpatient clinic; Belgium 90 males and females, 50–81 years (mean 63–67) Knee and hip Clinical and radiographic evidence of OA, severity not defined RCT, flare design
Mazzuca, 200248 Not specified, USA 15 males and females, ≥45 years Knee KL 2–3 Observational, flare design
McIlwain, 198949 Investigative sites; USA 139 males and females, mean 65 years Knee Radiological evidence of moderate or severe osteoarthritis, not further defined RCT, flare design
Mendelsohn, 199150 Investigative sites; USA 139 males and females, 21–88 years (mean age 63.3 years) Knee Radiological evidence of moderate or severe osteoarthritis, not further defined RCT, flare design
Moskowitz, 200651 Investigative sites; USA 530 males and females, ≥45 years Knee ACR functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Pareek, 200952 Multicentre study, India 199 males and females, 40–70 years Knee Lequesne criteria, score of 5 and above RCT, flare design
Pareek, 201053 Hospital; India 220 males and females, 40–70 years Knee Clinical and radiological evidence of OA severity not defined RCT, flare design
Roth, 200488 Physicians private practice or community; USA 326 males and females, 40–85 years Knee Radiological evidence of OA, severity not defined RCT, flare design
Rother, 200791 Outpatient units; Germany 397 males and females, ≥ 40 years Knee KL 2–3 RCT, flare design
Schnitzer, 200555 Investigative sites; International (seven countries) 583 males and females, 18–75 years Knee and hip Diagnosis based on ACR criteria, severity not defined RCT, flare design
Scott-Lennox, 200156 Investigative sites; USA 182 males and females, mean age 61 years Knee Not defined RCT, flare design
Silverfield, 200257 Centres; USA 308 males and females, 35–75 years Knee and hip Clinical evidence of OA, severity not defined RCT, flare design
Simon, 200989 Outpatient centres; Canada, USA 775 males and females, 40–85 years Knee Clinical and radiological evidence of OA, severity not defined RCT, flare design
Strand, 201158 Investigative sites; multinational—not specified including USA 875 males and females, 18–80 years Knee and hip OA according to ACR criteria and requiring NSAID treatment to control symptoms in the month preceding screening RCT, flare design
Weaver, 199590 Investigative sites; USA 328 males and females, >50 years Knee ACR clinical criteria, diagnostic RCT, flare design
Wiesenhutter, 200559 Medical centres; USA 528 males and females, 40–89 years Knee and hip ARA functional class I, II or III RCT, flare design
Williams, 200160 Clinical sites; USA 718 males and females, mean age 61–62 years Knee ACR clinical and radiographic criteria I–III RCT, flare design
Wittenberg, 200661 Centres (not specified); Germany 364 males and females, 50 years Knee Moderate-to-severe symptomatic OA of the knee according to ACR criteria RCT, flare design
Yeasted, 201462 (poled, abstract) USA 219 (merged observational), 137 (merged trial) >40 years Not specified ACR criteria, diagnostic Two longitudinal observational studies, placebo arms of two clinical trials
Yocum, 200077 USA, 62 study centres 774 males and females, ≥40 years Knee or hip Diagnosis confirmed by XR and clinical symptoms (not further specified) RCT, flare design
Young, 201463 (abstract) Multicentre 305 males and females, >40 years Knee or hip KL 2–3 RCT, flare design
Zhao, 199964 Centre (not specified); USA, Canada 1004 males and females, ≥18 years Knee ACR functional capacity classification I–III RCT, flare design
Non-drug withdrawal design studies
Atukorala, 201678 (abstract)
Atukorala, 201625
(abstract)		 Not specified, USA+Australia+Sri Lanka 213 males and females, mean age 62 years
345 males and females, mean age 62 years		 Knee Not specified 3-month, web-based longitudinal follow-up study
Bartholdy, 201679 OA outpatient clinic, Denmark 131 males and females, ≥40 years Knee Radiographic evidence of OA (severity no defined) and BMI between 20 and 35 kg/m2 RCT
Bassiouni 201580 (abstract) Not specified, Egypt 60 participants not further specified Knee Not specified Observational
Cibere, 200486
Cibere, 200587 		Community, Canada 137 males and females, mean age 65 years (43–88) for placebo and 64 years (40–83) for glucosamine group Knee KL≥2 on anteroposterior radiograph RCT
Conrozier 201266 Hospital-rheumatology unit, France 44 males and females, mean age 67.6 years Knee Radiographic evidence of knee OA, not further defined Observational
D’Agostino 200567 Hospital-European multicentre 600 males and females, ≥18 years Knee KL grade 1–4 Observational
Erfani, 201444 (abstract)
Erfani, 201481 (abstract)
Ferreira, 201682
Hunter, 201483 (abstract)
Makovey, 201584 (protocol)		 Australia 268 males and females, mean age 62 years
345 males and females, ≥40 years		 Knee ACR criteria, meet at least one, KL≥2 Web-based crossover
Jawad, 200568 GPs in France 3000 (for GP study) males and females Knee Not defined n/a, review of surveys. Definition relates to survey of 3000 French GPs
Marty 200920 Community and hospital, France 6085+641 males and females, mean age 66.4 years (10.9) for flare group, 66.2 years (10.2) no flare group Knee OA diagnosis based on ACR criteria, severity not defined Observational
Murphy, 201569 Community based, pain clinics; USA 45 males and females, 37–83 years Knee ACR criteria, severity not defined Qualitative
Parry, 201785 Community, UK 719 males and females, ≥50 years Knee Self-reported knee pain in previous 12 months Observational
Ricci 200554 Community, USA 329 males and females, 40–65 years Knee and hip Clinical evidence of OA, severity not defined Nested case-control
Wise 201070 Primary care, hospital, USA 303 males and females, ≥50 years Knee and hip Signal joint pain in a hip or knee on at least 15 out of the 30 days prior to enrolment, not further defined Observational
Zhang 200971 Primary care, hospital, USA 303 males and females, ≥50 years Knee and hip Signal joint pain in a hip or knee on at least 15 out of the 30 days prior to enrolment, not further defined Observational
Zhang 201172 (abstract) Not specified 52 males and females, median age 63 years (50–72 years) Knee KL>2 Case-crossover
Zobel 201692 Hospital databases, Australia 297 males and females, >40 years Knee ACR criteria, KL≥2 or patellofemoral OA on radiograph Web-based case-crossover

ACR, Arthritis Center Research; ARA, American Rheumatism Association; GP, general practitioner; KL, Kellgran and Lawrence; RCT, randomised controlled trial.