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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 9.
Published in final edited form as: Am Sociol Rev. 2018 Jul 9;83(4):771–801. doi: 10.1177/0003122418785371

Table 2.

Sample of Common Occupations and Their Skill Ratings Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Occupation Verbal Skill Score Quantitative Skill Score Analytic Skill Score Sample Activities
Baggage Porters and Bellhops 2 1.4 1.16 Handle luggage or other possessions for patrons. Greet customers, patrons, or visitors.
Cashiers 3 3.16 1.5 Process sales or other transactions. Answer customer questions about goods or services.
Tellers 3.66 3.16 1.5 Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data. Execute financial transactions. Enter information into databases.
Agricultural/Food Science Technicians 2.8 2.6 1.83 Record research or operational data. Analyze chemical compounds. Test quality of materials or finished products.
Grounds Maintenance Workers 1 .6 2 Operate grounds maintenance equipment.
Nursing and Home Health Aides 1.4 .6 2 Encourage patients during therapeutic activities. Maintain medical records.
Carpenters 1.4 1.8 2 Review blueprints or specifications. Mark reference points on construction materials.
Customer Service Representatives 3.4 2.4 2.6 Discuss goods or services information with customers or patrons. Respond to customer problems or complaints.
Occupational Therapists 3.4 2.4 3.16 Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals. Record patient medical histories.
Insurance Sales Agents 3.6 2 3.33 Gather information to determine customer needs. Explain financial information to customers. Sell products or services.
Insurance Underwriters 3.6 3.4 3.5 Explain regulations or procedures. Assess financial status of clients. Assess risks to business operations.
Secretaries 3.8 2 3.66 Answer telephones and email to direct inquiries or provide information. Enter information into databases. Prepare documentation for reports.
Librarians 4.5 2.83 3.66 Help patrons use library or archival resources. Search information sources to find specific data. Classify materials according to standard systems.
Clergy 4.2 .6 3.83 Lead classes or community events. Counsel clients or patients regarding personal issues. Develop educational programs.
Social Workers 3.6 2.4 3.83 Counsel clients or patients on substance abuse, health, or interpersonal issues. Advocate for individual or community needs.
News Analysts and Reporters 4.8 .6 4 Analyze information obtained from news sources. Edit written materials. Report news to the public.
Elementary/Middle School Teachers 4.2 3 4.16 Modify teaching methods or materials to accommodate student needs. Establish rules governing student behavior. Evaluate student work.
Physical Therapists 4 1 4.33 Develop medical treatment plans. Record patient medical histories. Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals.
Budget Analysts 4 4.6 4.5 Analyze budgetary or accounting data. Advise others on financial matters. Verify accuracy of financial information.
Accountants and Auditors 4.8 3.8 4.83 Examine financial records or processes. Analyze business or financial data. Calculate tax information.
Actuaries 4.2 4.4 4.83 Manage financial activities. Develop organizational goals or objectives. Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables.

Source: O*NET 4.0 Database (Boese et al. 2001).

Note: The skill scores are occupation-level variables representing how much each detailed occupational category utilizes cognitive skill. The scores range from 0 to 6.20 (for verbal skill utilization), .20 to 6.20 (for quantitative skill utilization), and .33 to 6.33 (for analytic skill utilization). Each score is measured using a predicted factor score from a measurement model. The observed indicators are independent skill ratings from O*NET. For more details on the measurement model, see the Appendix.