Table 2.

Association between metabolic syndrome and esophageal adenocarcinoma compared with population controls and Barrett’s esophagus controls

	EA vs. Population controls (2003–2009)						EA vs. BE controls (2003–2009)
	EA cases N= 3,167		Population controls N= 15,835				EA cases1 N= 575		BE controls N= 575
Exposure	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)2	P Value	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)2	P Value
MetS3	870	27.5	3,800	24	1.16 (1.06, 1.26)	0.001	171	29.7	169	29.4	1.01 (0.78, 1.31)	0.940
Metabolic conditions
Obesity	172	5.4	625	3.9	1.32 (1.10, 1.57)	0.002	40	7	29	5.0	1.45 (0.88, 2.40)	0.143
Elevated fasting glucose	1,028	32.5	4,654	29.4	1.12 (1.03, 1.22)	0.006	191	33.2	181	31.5	1.09 (0.84, 1.40)	0.523
High blood pressure	2,335	73.7	11,147	70.4	1.10 (1.00, 1.20)	0.046	434	75.5	459	79.8	0.81 (0.60, 1.08)	0.147
Elevated triglycerides	2,114	66.8	10,502	66.3	0.95 (0.88, 1.04)	0.276	409	71.1	444	77.2	0.75 (0.57, 0.99)	0.042
Number of conditions
1+	2,679	84.6	13,151	83.1	1.01 (0.91, 1.13)	0.846	495	86.1	522	90.8	0.69 (0.47, 1.00)	0.053
2+	2,019	63.8	9,731	61.5	1.03 (0.95, 1.12)	0.444	388	67.5	407	70.8	0.89 (0.68, 1.15)	0.376
3+	869	27.4	3,760	23.7	1.17 (1.07, 1.28)	<0.001	171	29.7	169	29.4	1.01 (0.78, 1.31)	0.940
4	82	2.6	286	1.8	1.34 (1.04, 1.73)	0.022	20	3.5	15	2.6	1.40 (0.69, 2.82)	0.349

Abbreviations: EA, esophageal adenocarcinoma; BE, Barrett’s esophagus; MetS, metabolic syndrome; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

¹EA cases (n=575) are a subset of EA cases in EA vs. Population controls analysis

²All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, registry, smoking, history of GERD

³NCEP-ATP III definition