Table 4.

Association between MetS and EA compared with population controls, stratified by gastroesophageal reflux status and sex

	MALES						FEMALES
NO GERD	EA cases N= 1,855		Population controls N= 10,296				EA cases N= 484		Population controls N= 2,695
Exposure	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)2	P Value	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)2	P Value
MetS1	478	25.8	2,374	23.1	1.15 (1.02, 1.29)	0.020	136	28.1	585	21.7	1.42 (1.14, 1.77)	0.002
Metabolic conditions
Obesity	93	5	362	3.5	1.42 (1.12, 1.80)	0.003	23	4.8	98	3.6	1.28 (0.79, 2.06)	0.311
Elevated fasting glucose	580	31.3	2,976	28.9	1.11 (1.00, 1.24)	0.056	154	31.8	711	26.4	1.31 (1.06, 1.62)	0.014
High blood pressure	1,270	68.5	6,782	65.9	1.11 (1.00, 1.24)	0.060	378	78.1	2,000	74.2	1.21 (0.95, 1.54)	0.116
Elevated triglycerides	1,178	63.5	6,579	63.9	0.97 (0.88, 1.08)	0.595	317	65.5	1,695	62.9	1.12 (0.91, 1.37)	0.295
GERD	EA cases N= 626		Population controls N= 2,109				EA cases N= 202		Population controls N= 735
Exposure	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)2	P Value	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)2	P Value
MetS1	182	29.1	634	30.1	0.94 (0.77, 1.15)	0.570	74	36.6	207	28.2	1.52 (1.08, 2.14)	0.016
Metabolic conditions
Obesity	39	6.2	116	5.5	1.14 (0.78, 1.68)	0.494	17	8.4	49	6.7	1.31 (0.72, 2.37)	0.379
Elevated fasting glucose	216	34.5	746	35.4	0.95 (0.79, 1.15)	0.616	78	38.6	221	30.1	1.51 (1.08, 2.11)	0.016
High blood pressure	507	81	1,735	82.3	0.90 (0.71, 1.14)	0.398	180	89.1	630	85.7	1.32 (0.79, 2.20)	0.283
Elevated triglycerides	473	75.6	1,673	79.3	0.79 (0.64, 0.99)	0.039	146	72.3	555	75.5	0.85 (0.58, 1.25)	0.416

Abbreviations: EA, esophageal adenocarcinoma; MetS, metabolic syndrome; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

¹NCEP-ATP III definition

²All models were adjusted for age, race, registry, smoking.