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. 2016 Jan 1;5(1):e16003. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2016.3

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Copyright © 2016 Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Far-field characterization of the meta-coupler. (a) Measured normalized angular distributions of scattered waves when the device is illuminated by input waves (at an incident angle of θ_i = 8°) at two frequencies, with the inset depicting a schematic illustration of our experimental setup. (b) Measured spectra of the integrated reflection (blue stars, left axis) and intensities of the excited SPPs (right axis) flowing to the right side (SPP__R, black squares) and left side (SPP__L, red circles) for our device illuminated by input beams with a fixed power. (c) FEM-simulated (H_y) field distribution for our device illuminated by an incident Gaussian beam at 9.2 GHz and θ_i = 8°. The SPP conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio between the power carried by the generated SPP flowing to the right side and that carried by the impinging wave, is found to be 75% based on the FEM-simulated field distribution.