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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2017 Dec 7;5(5):978–994. doi: 10.1007/s40615-017-0445-y

Associations (Odds ratio, 95% Confidence Interval) between demographic, psychosocial and neighborhood factors with religious coping and John Henryism, and mean differences (standard errors) in scores for associations with coping with discrimination subscales, Jackson Heart Study (Exam 1, 2000–2004) a

Religious coping b John Henryism b
Model 1 b, c Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 1 b, c Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Age (per 10 years) 1.15 [1.08,1.23] 1.06 [0.96,1.17] 1.16 [1.08,1.24] 1.06 [0.96,1.17] 1.14 [1.08,1.20] 1.32 [1.21,1.43] 1.13 [1.07,1.19] 1.31 [1.20,1.42]
Male 0.60 [0.52,0.69] 0.70 [0.57,0.87] 0.60 [0.51,0.69] 0.70 [0.57,0.87] 0.80 [0.71,0.90] 0.91 [0.76,1.08] 0.80 [0.71,0.90] 0.90 [0.76,1.08]
Married 1.09 [0.93,1.27] 1.15 [0.92,1.43] 1.09 [0.93,1.28] 1.14 [0.91,1.43] 1.09 [0.96,1.24] 1.19 [0.99,1.44] 1.08 [0.95,1.23] 1.20 [0.99,1.45]
Socioeconomic factors
Income (per $10,000) 1.01 [0.98,1.04] 0.98 [0.94,1.02] 1.01 [0.98,1.04] 0.98 [0.94,1.02] 0.98 [0.96,1.01] 0.98 [0.95,1.01] 0.99 [0.96,1.01] 0.99 [0.95,1.02]
Education level d
  HS degree 1.06 [0.85,1.32] 0.90 [0.64,1.26] 1.06 [0.85,1.32] 0.88 [0.63,1.24] 1.01 [0.85,1.20] 0.94 [0.71,1.25] 1.00 [0.84,1.20] 0.96 [0.72,1.27]
  College and higher 1.39 [1.09,1.77] 1.08 [0.75,1.56] 1.38 [1.08,1.76] 1.05 [0.73,1.53] 1.06 [0.87,1.28] 0.98 [0.72,1.33] 1.08 [0.89,1.32] 1.02 [0.75,1.38]
Wealth 1.04 [0.98,1.10] 0.99 [0.91,1.07] 1.04 [0.98,1.10] 0.99 [0.91,1.07] 1.07 [1.03,1.12] 1.02 [0.94,1.04] 1.07 [1.02,1.13] 1.02 [0.95,1.10]
Psychosocial factors
Depressive symptoms (per 10 unit change) 0.94 [0.83,1.07] 0.94 [0.83,1.07] 1.02 [0.90,1.14] 1.02 [0.90,1.14]
Global stress 1.05 [0.85,1.30] 1.06 [0.85,1.31] 1.03 [0.86,1.23] 1.02 [0.85,1.22]
Everyday discrimination 0.95 [0.85,1.07] 0.95 [0.85,1.07] 1.15 [1.05,1.25] 1.14 [1.04,1.25]
Lifetime discrimination 1.07 [1.03,1.11] 1.07 [1.03,1.11] 1.01 [0.98,1.04] 1.01 [0.98,1.04]
Optimism 1.08 [0.89,1.31] 1.08 [0.88,1.31] 0.87 [0.73,1.03] 0.87 [0.73,1.04]
Spirituality 1.23 [1.19,1.26] 1.23 [1.20,1.26] 1.02 * [1.00,1.04] 1.02 [1.00,1.04]
Interperson al support 1.74 [1.36,2.23] 1.74 [1.35,2.23] 1.09 [0.89,1.35] 1.09 [0.89,1.34]
Neighborhood factors e
Economic disadvantage 0.93 [0.81,1.05] 0.98 [0.82,1.17] 1.12 [1.00,1.24] 1.10 [0.94,1.28]
Social cohesion 1.82 [0.57,5.78] 2.22 [0.42,1.78] 0.88 [0.35,2.24] 0.46 [0.13,1.71]
Violence 1.89 [0.48,7.43] 1.62 [0.23,11.28] 0.98 [0.32,2.99] 0.64 [0.13,3.06]
a

Neighborhood factors were assessed between Exams 1 and 2 (2004–2010); models include unconditional Empirical Bayes’ estimate for social cohesion and violence

b

Model 1 adjusts for age, gender and marital status; Models 2, 3 also adjusted for socioeconomic factors; Model 4 is fully adjusted

c

Odds ratios for ordinal models interpreted as a change in the predictor’s association with the odds of being in a higher category of the coping method

d

Reference group is less than high school education

e

Between-neighborhood variance was equal to zero in mixed models so results from the individual-level model are presented

Bolded coefficients are significant at p<0.05