Table 4.
Mean differences in scores (standard errors) for the association of demographic, psychosocial and neighborhood factors with disengagement coping subscales, Jackson Heart Study (Exam 1, 2000–2004) a
| Problem focused disengagement |
Emotion focused disengagement |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Model 1 b | Model 2 | Model 1 b | Model 2 | |
| Age | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) |
| Male | −0.64 (0.10) | −0.59 (0.13) | −0.36 (0.08) | −0.25 (0.09) |
| Married | 0.16 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.14) | −0.19 (0.08) | −0.20 (0.10) |
|
| ||||
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||
|
| ||||
| Income (per $10,000) | −0.15 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02) |
| Education level c | ||||
| HS degree | −0.72 (0.15) | −0.68 (0.21) | 0.47 (0.09) | 0.34 (0.15) |
| College and higher | −1.06 (0.17) | −0.75 (0.22) | 0.94 (0.13) | 0.91 (0.16) |
| Wealth | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.25) | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) |
|
| ||||
| Psychosocial factors | ||||
|
| ||||
| Depressive symptoms (per 10 unit change) | 0.55 (0.08) | 0.44 (0.06) | ||
| Global stress | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.45 (0.09) | ||
| Everyday discrimination | −0.04 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.05) | ||
| Lifetime discrimination | −0.05 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.02) | ||
| Optimism | −0.22 (0.13) | 0.04 (0.09) | ||
| Spirituality | 0.04 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01) | ||
| Interpersonal support | −0.72 (0.16) | −1.09 (0.11) | ||
|
| ||||
| Neighborhood factors d | ||||
|
| ||||
| Economic disadvantage | 0.04 (0.12) | 0.04 (0.08) | ||
| Social cohesion | 0.91 (1. 01) | 0.19 (0.71) | ||
| Violence | 1.36 (1.21) | −0.11 (0.86) | ||
a
Neighborhood factors were assessed between Exams 1 and 2 (2004–2008)
b
Model 1 adjusts for age, gender and marital status; Model 2 is also adjusted for psychosocial and neighborhood factors
c
Reference group is less than high school education
d
Between-neighborhood variance was equal to zero in mixed models so results from the individual-level model are presented; models include unconditional Empirical Bayes’ estimate for neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood violence
Bolded coefficients are significant at p<0.05