Mean differences in scores (standard errors) for the association of demographic, psychosocial and neighborhood factors with engagement coping subscales, Jackson Heart Study (Exam 1, 2000–2004) a
| Problem focused engagement | Emotion focused engagement | |||||||
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| Model 1 b |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 1 b |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
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| Age | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Male | 0.40 (0.09) | 0.55 (0.11) | 0.40 (0.09) | 0.55 (0.11) | −0.94 (0.10) | −0.87 (0.13) | −0.94 (0.10) | −0.88 (0.13) |
| Married | −0.19 (0.10) | −0.21 (0.11) | −0.21 (0.10) | −0.21 (0.11) | −0.15 (0.11) | −0.06 (0.13) | −0.14 (0.11) | −0.05 (0.13) |
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| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||||
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| Income (per $10,000) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Education level c | ||||||||
| HS degree | −0.23 (0.14) | −0.30 (0.17) | −0.25 (0.14) | −0.31 (0.17) | −0.54 (0.15) | −0.70 (0.20) | −0.54 (0.15) | −0.69 (0.20) |
| College and higher | 0.30 (0.15) | 0.04 (0.18) | 0.27 (0.15) | 0.01 (0.18) | −0.25 (0.17) | −0.57 (0.21) | −0.25 (0.17) | −0.57 (0.21) |
| Wealth | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.05) |
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| Psychosocial factors | ||||||||
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| Depressive symptoms (per 10 unit change) | −0.36 (0.07) | −0.36 (0.07) | 0.00 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.08) | ||||
| Global stress | 0.00 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.10) | 0.03 (0.13) | 0.03 (0.13) | ||||
| Everyday discrimination | −0.03 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.06) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.07) | ||||
| Lifetime discrimination | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | −0.00 (0.02) | −0.00 (0.02) | ||||
| Optimism | 0.47 (0.10) | 0.46 (0.10) | 0.00 (0.12) | −0.00 (0.12) | ||||
| Spirituality | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | ||||
| Interpersonal support | 1.49 (0.13) | 1.49 (0.13) | 2.22 (0.15) | 2.22 (0.15) | ||||
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| Neighborhood factors d | ||||||||
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| Economic disadvantage | 0.02 (0.08) | −0.08 (0.09) | −0.02 (0.09) | −0.06 (0.11) | ||||
| Social cohesion | 0.50 (0.72) | 0.11 (0.81) | 0.13 (0.80) | −0.48 (0.97) | ||||
| Violence | −0.21 (0.88) | 0.03 (0.97) | 0.01 (0.98) | −0.40 (1.17) | ||||
a
Neighborhood factors were assessed between Exams 1 and 2 (2004–2008)
b
Model 1 adjusts for age, gender and marital status; Models 2, 3 also adjusted for socioeconomic factors; Model 4 is fully adjusted
c
Reference group is less than high school education
d
Between-neighborhood variance was equal to zero in mixed models so results from the individual-level model are presented; models include unconditional Empirical Bayes’ estimate for neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood violence
Bolded coefficients are significant at p<0.05