Mean differences in scores (standard errors) for the association of demographic, psychosocial and neighborhood factors with disengagement coping subscales, Jackson Heart Study (Exam 1, 2000–2004) a
| Problem focused disengagement | Emotion focused disengagement | |||||||
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| Model 1b | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 b |
Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Age | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) |
| Male | −0.64 (0.10) | −0.58 (0.13) | −0.64 (0.10) | −0.59 (0.13) | −0.36 (0.08) | −0.24 (0.09) | −0.36 (0.08) | −0.25 (0.09) |
| Married | 0.16 (0.11) | 0.17 (0.14) | 0.15 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.14) | −0.19 (0.08) | −0.10 (0.08) | −0.19 (0.08) | −0.20 (0.10) |
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| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||||
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| Income (per $10,000) | −0.15 (0.02) | −0.08 (0.03) | −0.14 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02) |
| Education levelc | ||||||||
| HS degree | −0.72 (0.15) | −0.68 (0.21) | −0.70 (0.16) | −0.68 (0.21) | 0.47 (0.09) | 0.35 (0.14) | 0.46 (0.12) | 0.34 (0.15) |
| College and higher | −1.06 (0.17) | −0.76 (0.22) | −1.01 (0.17) | −0.75 (0.22) | 0.94 (0.13) | 0.91 (0.16) | 0.94 (0.13) | 0.91 (0.16) |
| Wealth | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.25) | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) |
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| Psychosocial factors | ||||||||
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| Depressive symptoms (per 10 unit change) | 0.55 (0.09) | 0.55 (0.08) | 0.44 (0.06) | 0.44 (0.06) | ||||
| Global stress | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.44 (0.09) | 0.45 (0.09) | ||||
| Everyday discrimination | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.04 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.05) | ||||
| Lifetime discrimination | −0.06 (0.02) | −0.05 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | ||||
| Optimism | −0.22 (0.13) | −0.22 (0.13) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.09) | ||||
| Spirituality | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01) | ||||
| Interpersonal support | −0.72 (0.16) | −0.72 (0.16) | −1.09 (0.11) | −1.09 (0.11) | ||||
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| Neighborhood factors d | ||||||||
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| Economic disadvantage | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.12) | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.08) | ||||
| Social cohesion | −0.13 (0.82) | 0.91 (1. 01) | 0.33 (0.61) | 0.19 (0.71) | ||||
| Violence | 0.23 (0.99) | 1.36 (1.21) | 0.40 (0.74) | −0.11 (0.86) | ||||
a
Neighborhood factors were assessed between Exams 1 and 2 (2004–2008)
b
Model 1 adjusts for age, gender and marital status; Models 2, 3 also adjusted for socioeconomic factors; Model 4 is fully adjusted
c
Reference group is less than high school education
d
Between-neighborhood variance was equal to zero in mixed models so results from the individual-level model are presented; models include unconditional Empirical Bayes’ estimate for neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood violence
Bolded coefficients are significant at p<0.05