Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Studies | Exposed individuals | Deaths | Deaths within 30 days | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 94 | 197 867 | 61 | 31 | ||
| Indication for study | ||||||
| Mass drug administration | 4 | 154 505 | 30 | 11 | ||
| Preventive therapies and repeated treatment | 14 | 15 188 | 16 | 6 | ||
| Seasonal malaria chemoprevention | 7 | 12 367 | 11 | 5 | ||
| Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy | 4 | 1491 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Repeated treatment | 2 | 562 | 4 | 1 | ||
| Occupational prophylaxis | 1 | 768 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Case management | 76 | 28 174 | 15 | 14 | ||
| Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection | 57 | 25 217 | 13 | 12 | ||
| P falciparum mixed infection | 9 | 1864 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Plasmodium vivax mono-infection | 9 | 1063 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other (P falciparum, P vivax, Plasmodium ovale, or Plasmodium malariae) | 1 | 30 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Year of publication | ||||||
| 2004–11 | 35 | 9490 | 11 | 7 | ||
| 2012–17 | 59 | 188 377 | 50 | 24 | ||
| WHO region | ||||||
| Africa | 42 | 173 583 | 26 | 16 | ||
| Southeast Asia | 26 | 9162 | 6 | 6 | ||
| Eastern Mediterranean | 3 | 455 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Western Pacific | 19 | 3281 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Americas | 1 | 252 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Southeast Asia and Western Pacific | 2 | 10 554 | 28 | 9 | ||
| Africa, Southeast Asia and Western Pacific | 1 | 580 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Study type | ||||||
| Randomised controlled trial | 68 | 141 890 | 53 | 23 | ||
| Cohort | 26 | 55 977 | 8 | 8 | ||
| Mean or median age group (years) | ||||||
| 0 to ≤5 | 21 | 6971 | 15 | 8 | ||
| >5 to ≤15 | 14 | 23 505 | 10 | 8 | ||
| >15 to ≤35 | 53 | 165 662 | 35 | 15 | ||
| >35 | 2 | 915 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Not reported | 4 | 814 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pregnant patients included | ||||||
| Yes: study of pregnant women in second and third trimesters of pregnancy | 9 | 2840 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Yes: study of general population excluding women in first trimester of pregnancy | 4 | 154 505 | 30 | 11 | ||
| No | 81 | 40 522 | 31 | 20 | ||
| Torsade de pointes risk factors excluded | ||||||
| Yes | 12 | 22 547 | 9 | 8 | ||
| No | 82 | 175 320 | 52 | 23 | ||
| Directly observed therapy | ||||||
| Yes: at least the first dose of medication per treatment course | 89 | 197 397 | 59 | 29 | ||
| Yes: all doses of medication per treatment course | 79 | 80 519 | 48 | 20 | ||
| No: drug intake documented by parents | 2 | 145 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Not reported | 3 | 325 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Duration of follow-up (days) | ||||||
| 3 | 2 | 104 371 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 28 | 14 | 12 537 | 7 | 7 | ||
| 42 | 39 | 9332 | 4 | 3 | ||
| 56 | 6 | 41 322 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 63 | 12 | 3712 | 3 | 3 | ||
| 84 | 1 | 217 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 85–181 | 8 | 4399 | 8 | 4 | ||
| 182–365 | 8 | 11 893 | 4 | 1 | ||
| >365 | 4 | 10 084 | 33 | 11 | ||
| Brand of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine | ||||||
| Duo-cotecxin | 64 | 24 055 | 22 | 10 | ||
| Eurartesim | 19 | 162 552 | 11 | 11 | ||
| D-ARTEPP | 2 | 602 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Arterakine | 1 | 164 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Mixture (Eurartesim, D-ARTEPP, or Arterakine) | 1 | 9785 | 28 | 9 | ||
| Not reported | 7 | 709 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Used in combination with primaquine | ||||||
| Yes: single-dose gametocytocide in mass drug administration | 2 | 13 097 | 25 | 6 | ||
| Yes: single-dose gametocytocide in case management of uncomplicated P falciparum infection | 6 | 1015 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes: radical cure in P vivax infection | 6 | 487 | 0 | 0 | ||
| No: primaquine use not documented | 80 | 183 268 | 35 | 24 | ||
Studies examined individuals exposed to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and all-cause mortality after dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine administration.