Table 1.

Safe exfoliating agents employed in the literature and its performance (i.e. production rate, defect level and demonstrated application).

Ref.	Exfoliation agents	Production method	Reported no. of graphene layers	Graphene production rate (yield) in g/h	Raman D/G	Is application demonstrated?
69	Gum arabic	Sonication	5–20	~6 × 10−3	~0.25 (633 nm)	No
24	Cyrene	Sonication and centrifuging	Mono to few layer graphene (<10)	0.06	0.20	No
70	Pluronic/tetronics	Sonication	1 to ∼10 layers	1.1 × 10−3	0.9 (514 nm)	No
Current work	Curcumin/tetrahydro curcumin/quercetin	Planetary ball milling and Sand Grinder	Bilayers to few and multi layers	45/20/10	≤ 0.54/ ≤ 0.23/ ≤ 0.11 (514 nm)	Produced biocompatible thin film (NR latex) nanocomposite