Table 3.

Promoters, proteins or open reading frames (ORFs) induced by bile and their functions.

ORFs/promotors/proteins induced by bile	Function of gene products/putative function	Reference(s)
Gram-negative bacteria
Klebsiella
DnaK	Molecular chaperone	18,25
GroEL/GroES	Heat shock protein- Molecular chaperone	18,25
Ohr	Organic hydroperoxide resistance	11,18,25
Hsp20	Heat shock protein, molecular chaperone	18
ClpB	ATP-binding chain of an ATP-dependent protease	18
RecR homolog	Recombinase (DNA repair)	11,33
sodA	Manganese superoxide dismutase	18,27
BCCP	Biotin-containing carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase	18,57
CysK homolog	Putative cysteine synthase	18,33
ORF002	NADPH dependent aldo or keto-oxidoreductase	28,29
MutB	Putative Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	11,33
AspA	Putative Aspartate ammonia-lyase	18
G6PD	Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase	30,32
ATPG	ATP synthase gamma chain	18,57
HemH homolog	Putative Ferrochelatase, protoheme ferro-lyase	18,33
dmsABC	Anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide reductase chain A,B & C	39–41
Escherichia
ORF002	NADPH dependent aldo or keto-oxidoreductase	30,32
Shigella
ORF001	NADPH dependent aldo or keto-oxidoreductase	30,32
ORF002	NADPH dependent aldo or keto-oxidoreductase	30,32
Serratia
ClpB	ATP Binding Chain on ATP-dependent protease	18
Gram-positive bacteria
Enterococcus
DnaK	Molecular chaperone	18,25
GroEL/GroES	Heat shock protein- Molecular chaperone	18,25
Ohr	Organic hydroperoxide resistance	11,26
Gsp	General stress protein	11,18,25
clpB	ATP Binding Chain on ATP-dependent protease	18
sodA	Manganese superoxide dismutase	18,27
BCCP	Biotin-containing carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase	18,57
CysK homolog	Putative cysteine synthase	18,33
OppD homolog	Oligopeptide transport ATP-binding protein	18,35
G6PD	Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase	30,32
ATPG	ATP synthase gamma chain	18,57
Bacillus
OppD homolog	Oligopeptide transport ATP-binding protein	18,35