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. 2018 Jul 25;8:11201. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29430-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dorsal images of brain (a), representative haematoxylin and eosin-stained coronal sections of the right brain at lesion level (b), and semi-quantification of injury in the coronal brain sections by overall grade (c) at 24 hours and 6 weeks post-surgery. In (b), signs of injury included tissue disruption, haemorrhage (arrowheads) and tissue loss (dotted line) presented as a cavity (TBI at 6 week). Data was analysed by One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests, n = 6, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Sham. TBI: Traumatic brain injury; TBI-LC: Traumatic brain injury with L-Carnitine treatment; TBI-E: Traumatic brain injury with Exendin-4 treatment.