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. 2018 Jul 25;8:11191. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29352-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Suppression of b-Catenin in lumbar IVDs reduced b-Catenin and altered the expression of extracellular matrix genes. (A) Experimental design/timeline of 4 mo old bCAT cKO mice and harvest after 1 mo. Red “X” indicates tissue harvest. Letters on the right side of the “X” indicate the panels in the timeline. (B) Immunohistochemical stain for b-Catenin (brown stain, orange arrow) in the NP and (C) its quantification (no change in annulus fibrosus). (D) Gene expression of bCAT cKO versus WT discs (n = 5–6). Scale bar: (B) 25 µm. NP: nucleus pulposus. bCAT cKO vs. WT: *p < 0.05.