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. 2018 Jul 19;9:1639. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01639

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Copyright © 2018 Kholia, Herrera Sanchez, Cedrino, Papadimitriou, Tapparo, Deregibus, Brizzi, Tetta and Camussi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunofluorescent staining of kidneys from mice treated with aristolochic acid (AA). Kidney cryo-sections from healthy mice (A), mice treated with AA (B), AA mice treated with HLSC-EVs (C), or Fibro-EVs (D) were stained for collagen 1a1, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), CD45, and α-SMA to identify presence of tissue fibrosis, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells (Original magnification: 200×). (E) Histograms depicts the fluorescence intensity of collagen, FSP-1, α-SMA, and quantification of cells positive for CD45 in mouse kidney cryo-sections from AAN mice experimental groups. Data represent mean ± SD of the fluorescence intensity or cells positive per high power field measured from 10 images taken at random from six samples per treatment (n = 6 mice). ***p < 0.001 AA vs control or HLSC-EVs vs AA. No significant differences were observed between AA vs Fibro-EVs.