Table 3.
Factors affecting overweight/obesity among adolescents in private schools with and without adequate play area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| Variable | Overweight/obesity |
OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| Age (yr) | ||||
| 10-14 | 106 (16.8) | 527 (83.3) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 15-19 | 111 (17.3) | 532 (82.7) | 1.04 (0.66, 1.63) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 89 (14.0) | 549 (86.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Female | 128 (20.1) | 510 (79.9) | 1.55 (1.01, 2.36)* | 1.47 (0.92, 2.37) |
| Socioeconomic status (wealth index) | ||||
| Lowest | 32 (12.5) | 225 (87.6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lower | 38 (14.5) | 224 (85.5) | 1.19 (0.70, 2.03) | 1.18 (0.73, 1.91) |
| Middle | 61 (24.7) | 186 (75.3) | 2.30 (1.25, 4.26)* | 2.54 (1.50, 4.33)* |
| Higher | 43 (16.9) | 212 (83.1) | 1.43 (0.94, 2.17) | 1.34 (0.82, 2.19) |
| Highest | 43 (16.9) | 212 (83.1) | 1.43 (0.87, 2.33) | 1.42 (0.79, 2.57) |
| Grade | ||||
| 5-8 | 295 (46.2) | 349 (54.7) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 9-12 | 343 (53.8) | 289 (45.3) | 0.95 (0.64, 1.39) | |
| Father’s educational status (n=1,034) | ||||
| No formal education | 21 (3.9) | 40 (8.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Primary school (grade 5-8) | 23 (4.2) | 52 (10.6) | 1.14 (0.38, 3.41) | 1.86 (0.56, 6.15) |
| Secondary school (grade 9-12) | 122 (22.5) | 138 (28.1) | 1.62 (0.69, 3.77) | 2.54 (1.14, 5.62)* |
| Above secondary school | 377 (69.4) | 261 (53.2) | 1.31 (0.67, 2.53) | 2.20 (1.10, 4.40)* |
| Mother’s educational status (n=1,054) | ||||
| No formal education | 33 (6.0) | 38 (7.5) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Primary school (grade 5-8) | 42 (7.7) | 72 (14.2) | 0.76 (0.25, 2.36) | |
| Secondary school (grade 9-12) | 150 (27.4) | 183 (36.2) | 1.17 (0.47, 2.95) | |
| Above secondary school | 323 (58.9) | 213 (42.1) | 1.06 (0.50, 2.24) | |
| Family size | ||||
| ≤5 | 332 (52.0) | 329 (51.6) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| >5 | 306 (48.0) | 309 (48.4) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.37) | |
| School has adequate play area | ||||
| Yes | 93 (14.6) | 545 (85.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| No | 124 (19.4) | 514 (80.6) | 1.41 (1.02, 1.97)* | 1.62 (1.05, 2.51)* |
| Total physical activity (min/d) | ||||
| High (≥60) | 98 (14.2) | 592 (85.8) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Moderate (30-59) | 56 (16.6) | 281 (83.4) | 1.20 (0.84, 1.73) | |
| Low (<30) | 63 (25.3) | 186 (74.7) | 2.05 (1.42, 2.96)* | |
| Time spent sitting or reclining (hr/d) | ||||
| <8 | 92 (13.6) | 583 (86.4) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| ≥8 | 125 (20.8) | 476 (79.2) | 1.66 (1.07, 2.59)* | |
| Time spent on television (hr/d) | ||||
| ≤2 | 138 (16.8) | 686 (83.3) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| >2 | 79 (17.5) | 373 (82.5) | 1.05 (0.73, 1.52) | |
| Sleeping (hr/d) | ||||
| <8 | 58 (18.4) | 257 (81.6) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 8-10 | 149 (16.7) | 744 (83.3) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.33) | |
| >10 | 10 (14.7) | 58 (85.3) | 0.76 (0.34, 1.73) | |
| Means of transportation to and from school (n=1,117) | ||||
| Walking | 67 (14.4) | 400 (85.7) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Public transportation | 52 (17.8) | 241 (82.3) | 1.29 (0.73, 2.29) | 1.15 (0.70, 1.90) |
| Contract taxi/school bus | 36 (15.5) | 197 (84.5) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.64) | 1.00 (0.63, 1.58) |
| Private car | 31 (25.0) | 93 (75.0) | 1.99 (1.23, 3.22)* | 2.27 (1.13, 4.57)* |
Values are presented as number (%).
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted OR.
*
p<0.05.