Table 3.
Associations between dietary patterns and preterm delivery
| Preterm delivery | Dietary patterns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Varied | Milk | Cereals, eggs and Cantonese soups | Meats | Fruits, nuts and Cantonese desserts | Vegetables | |
| Overall preterm delivery (n, %) | 85 (4.9) | 66 (6.1) | 54 (5.0) | 44 (3.9) | 43 (4.9) | 59 (4.1) |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.20 (0.86–1.69) | 1.51 (1.05–2.17) * | 1.24 (0.85–1.80) | 0.95 (0.64–1.42) | 1.21 (0.81–1.81) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | 1.27 (0.90–1.80) | 1.59 (1.11–2.29) * | 1.31 (0.89–1.92) | 1.01 (0.67–1.51) | 1.30 (0.87–1.96) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Spontaneous preterm delivery (n, %) | 63 (3.7) | 52 (4.8) | 39 (3.7) | 32 (2.9) | 34 (3.9) | 42 (2.9) |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.25 (0.84–1.86) | 1.67 (1.10–2.53) * | 1.25 (0.81–1.95) | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 1.35 (0.85–2.13) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | 1.29 (0.86–1.92) | 1.73 (1.14–2.62) * | 1.30 (0.83–2.03) | 1.00 (0.63–1.60) | 1.41 (0.89–2.24) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Iatrogenic preterm delivery (n, %) | 14 (0.8) | 9 (0.9) | 10 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | 8 (1.0) | 16 (1.1) |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 0.73 (0.36–1.50) | 0.76 (0.33–1.73) | 0.84 (0.38–1.87) | 0.40 (0.15–1.09) | 0.83 (0.35–1.95) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) a, b | 0.79 (0.38–1.61) | 0.79 (0.34–1.74) | 0.90 (0.40–1.94) | 0.46 (0.16–1.14) | 0.87 (0.36–1.97) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Late preterm delivery (n, %) | 73 (4.2) | 53 (4.9) | 47 (4.4) | 37 (3.3) | 40 (4.6) | 44 (3.1) |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.38 (0.95–2.03) | 1.63 (1.08–2.45) * | 1.44 (0.95–2.19) | 1.08 (0.69–1.68) | 1.51 (0.98–2.34) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | 1.46 (0.99–2.15) | 1.73 (1.08–2.62) * | 1.54 (1.01–2.35) * | 1.11 (0.73–1.79) | 1.61 (1.04–2.50) * | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Moderately or early preterm delivery (n, %) | 12 (0.7) | 13 (1.3) | 7 (0.7) | 7 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) | 15 (1.1) |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 0.67 (0.31–1.43) | 1.17 (0.55–2.47) | 0.63 (0.26–1.55) | 0.60 (0.24–1.47) | 0.33 (0.10–1.15) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) a, b | 0.73 (0.34–1.55) | 1.19 (0.56–2.50) | 0.68 (0.27–1.58) | 0.63 (0.25–1.48) | 0.42 (0.11–1.21) | 1.00 (Reference) |
a Adjusted for maternal age, education level, monthly income, parity, passive smoking during pregnancy, supplementation with folic acid, pre-pregnancy BMI, and previous preterm delivery
b The firth’s correction was applied to improve the accuracy of the logit coefficients
* P value < 0.05