Table 4.

Means and standard deviations for dependent variables, confidence intervals for mean differences, and effect sizes for univariate analyses

Dependent variable	Treatment condition		Control condition		Mean differences
	(n = 23)		(n = 25)		(Adjusted for covariates)
	M	SD	M	SD	95% CI		η2
					Lower	Upper
Psychological control
Physical intrusiveness*	3.97	.96	3.33	1.24	.00	1.22	.09
Restrictions	2.85	2.40	2.34	1.64	−.47	1.87	.03
Flexibility/responsiveness*	3.16	1.16	2.62	1.02	.13	1.01	.14
Rigidity**	11.65	12.55	21.80	16.42	−14.53	−3.68	.27
Corporal punishment	5.83	2.08	4.84	1.99	−.36	1.52	.04
Developmental understanding
Empathetic awareness	5.60	2.25	4.72	2.48	−.22	2.30	.02
Role reversal*	5.60	1.99	4.48	2.31	.27	2.12	.14
Verbal quality*	2.44	1.75	1.65	2.04	.07	2.20	.10
Demonstrating/teaching*	2.65	1.04	2.16	1.03	.18	1.33	.14
Emotional expression
Warmth	3.44	1.33	2.93	1.20	−.36	.77	.01
Positive affect	3.45	1.29	3.22	1.28	−.56	.69	.00
Negativity	4.36	.90	4.37	.85	−.56	.41	.00
Unhappiness	14.87	11.14	12.96	12.88	−6.10	7.69	.00

^*p <.05;

^**p <.01