Table 2.
Meta-analyses on preventive strategies for sepsis in preterm infants.
| Intervention | Outcome | RR (95% CI) | RCTs/infants | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVIG | All-cause mortality | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 15/4125 | (81) |
| Mortality (infectious) | 0.83 (0.56–1.22) | 10/1690 | (81) | |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 10/3795 | (81) | |
| INH-A21 | All-cause mortality | 0.80 (0.59–1.08) | 2/2488 | (82) |
| Staphylococcal infection | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 2/2488 | (82) | |
| Altastaph | All-cause mortality | 1.31 (0.30–5.70) | 1/206 | (82) |
| Staphylococcal infection | 0.86 (0.32–2.28) | 1/206 | (82) | |
| Pagibaximab | All-cause mortality | 1.16 (0.82–1.64)a | 2/1669 | (83, 84) |
| Staphylococcal infection | 1.17 (0.90–1.50)a | 2/1669 | (83, 84) | |
| GM-CSF | All-cause mortality | 1.05 (0.64–1.72) | 4/639 | (79, 85) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) | 3/564 | (79, 85) | |
| Donor human milk vs. formula | All-cause mortality | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 4/721 | (86) |
| Invasive infection | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | 2/219 | (86) | |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 0.36 (0.18–0.71) | 6/431 | (86) | |
| Probiotics (single or multiple strains) | All-cause mortality | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 27/8056 | (87) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 37/9416 | (88) | |
| Invasive fungal infection | 0.48 (0.33–0.71) | 6/916 | (89) | |
| Probiotics (single strains) | All-cause mortality | 0.95 (0.72–1.26) | 11/3424 | (90) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 14/3455 | (88) | |
| Probiotics (multiple strains) | All-cause mortality | 0.67 (0.50–0.89) | 10/2867 | (90) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | 23/5691 | (88) | |
| Oral lactoferrin | All-cause mortality | 0.65 (0.37–1.11) | 6/1041 | (75) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.59 (0.40–0.87) | 6/886 | (75) | |
| Oral lactoferrin + probiotics | All-cause mortality | 0.54 (0.25–1.18) | 1/496 | (75) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.27 (0.12–0.60) | 1/319 | (75) | |
| Glutamine | All-cause mortality | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) | 12/2877 | (91) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.94 (0.86–1.04) | 11/2815 | (91) | |
| Selenium supplementation | All-cause mortality | 0.92 (0.48–1.75) | 2/549 | (92) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 3/583 | (92) |
Cochrane reviews or the most updated meta-analysis on the topic were selected for inclusion in the table. Outcomes were selected based on relevance. Statistically significant results are marked in bold. Altastaph, antibody against capsular polysaccharide antigen type 5 and 8; CI, confidence interval; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; INH-A21, pooled generic antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; Pagibaximab, anti-lipoteichoic acid monoclonal antibody; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RR, risk ratio.
a
No complete meta-analysis has been conducted. RR, calculated from preliminary results.