Table 2.
Quadriceps voluntary force and muscle activation
| Outcome | Groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-surgery | Week 5 post-surgery | Week 12 post-surgery | Week 26 post-surgery | |||||
| Exp (n = 17) | Con (n = 15) | Exp (n = 17) | Con (n = 15) | Exp (n = 17) | Con (n = 15) | Exp (n = 17) | Con (n = 15) | |
| Central activation ratio | ||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (%) | 96 (2) | 96 (3) | 96 (3) | 90 (10) | 90 (12) | 97 (3) | 94 (7) | 97 (3) |
| Non-injured leg (%) | 97 (2) | 97 (3) | 97 (2) | 97 (2) | 97 (4) | 97 (3) | 96 (4) | 98 (2) |
| Potentiated doublet force | ||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (Nm) | 83 (29) | 68 (20) | 61 (21) | 55 (20) | 71 (22) | 66 (19) | 81 (29) | 72 (23) |
| Non-injured leg (Nm) | 90 (27) | 78 (21) | 92 (30) | 74 (20) | 89 (28) | 78 (23) | 90 (33) | 78 (23) |
| Isometric MVC | ||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (Nm) | 211 (86) | 175 (65) | 127 (63) | 98 (68) | 153 (72) | 152 (62) | 198 (97) | 162 (63) |
| Non-injured leg (Nm) | 227 (72) | 192 (59) | 219 (79) | 186 (58) | 235 (89) | 202 (54) | 234 (93) | 196 (58) |
| Estimated MVC | ||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (Nm) | 160 (64) | 133 (43) | 106 (50) | 83 (45) | 129 (44) | 119 (41) | 157 (68) | 128 (47) |
| Non-injured leg (Nm) | 179 (59) | 149 (39) | 169 (61) | 140 (40) | 181 (65) | 156 (42) | 182 (71) | 153 (43) |
| Outcome | Difference within groups | Difference between groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 5 minus pre-surgery | Week 12 minus pre-surgery | Week 26 minus pre-surgery | Week 5 minus pre-surgery | Week 12 minus pre-surgery | Week 26 minus pre-surgery | ||||
| Exp | Con | Exp | Con | Exp | Con | Exp-Con | Exp-Con | Exp-Con | |
| Central activation ratio | |||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (%) | − 2 (9) | − 6 (7)† | − 6 (8)† | 0 (7) | − 3 (8) | 1 (7) | 4 (− 2 to 10) | − 6 (− 12 to − 1)* | − 3 (− 9 to 2) |
| Non-injured leg (%) | 0 (3) | 0 (2) | − 1 (3) | 0 (2) | − 1 (3) | 1 (2) | − 1 (− 3 to 1) | − 1 (− 3 to 1) | − 2 (− 4 to 0) |
| Potentiated doublet force | |||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (Nm) | − 19 (19)† | − 14 (12)† | − 12 (17) | − 4 (12) | 1 (18) | 4 (12) | − 6 (− 16 to 5) | − 8 (− 18 to 3) | − 3 (− 13 to 7) |
| Non-injured leg (Nm) | 2 (13) | − 2 (9) | − 2 (14) | 0 (9) | 3 (14) | 2 (9) | 4 (− 4 to 12) | − 2 (− 10 to 6) | 1 (− 8 to 9) |
| Isometric MVC | |||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (Nm) | − 88 (57) | − 76 (40)† | − 62 (53) | − 28 (40) | − 12 (54) | − 11 (39) | − 12 (− 46 to 22) | − 33 (− 66 to − 1) | − 1 (− 34 to 32) |
| Non-injured leg (Nm) | − 8 (41) | − 5 (26) | 3 (42) | 7 (27) | 11 (43) | 5 (26) | − 3 (− 27 to 21) | − 4 (− 28 to 21) | 5 (− 19 to 30) |
| Estimated MVC | |||||||||
| Reconstructed leg (Nm) | − 48 (39)† | − 48 (24)† | − 33 (36) | − 18 (24)† | 2 (37) | − 3 (23) | 0 (− 23 to 22) | − 15 (− 37 to 6) | 5 (− 16 to 26) |
| Non-injured leg (Nm) | − 9 (30) | − 7 (16) | 0 (31) | 5 (16) | 7 (31) | 6 (16) | − 2 (− 19 to 15) | − 5 (− 23 to 12) | − 1 (− 16 to 18) |
Mean (SD) of each group, mean (SD) difference within each group, and mean (95% CI) difference between groups
Exp experimental group, Con control group, MVC maximal voluntary contraction
*Group difference (p < 0.05), †different compared to pre-surgery (p < 0.05)