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Activation of shrimp (Pen4) and Drosophila (Mtk, Drs, AttA) AMPs by over-expression of PcToll5 (A) or PcToll6 (B) in Drosophila S2 cells. Significant statistical differences (∗∗P < 0.01, ∗P < 0.5) are indicated by asterisks. All data are representative of three independent experiments. The bars indicate the mean 6 SD of the luciferase activity (n = 3).
