Table 5.

Age effect of ICT use on stress and mental health from cross-sectional studies and one cohort study [34], marked in italics.

Authora	Pub year	Country	Outcome	Exposure	Age effect
Stress
[33] Yun	2012	Korea	Job stress	Office home, smart phone, work overload	Age does not correlate with any variable
[21] Day	2012	Canada	Stress	ICT use, ICT demand and support	Age is positively correlated with workload, and negatively with lack of job control, but there is no association with ICT and stress
[58] Seppälä	2001	Finland	Stress	Technological change	Computer-related tasks were perceived as more stressful for workers < 45 years of age compared to older ones. Stress score is not linearly associated with age
[59] Chesley	2014	USA	Distress	Age, daily computer use	(Age + age²) is significantly associated with stress
[37] Fugelseth	2015	Norway	Use of ICT	Technostress	Age has a significant positive association with technostress creators and inhibitors
[8] Shu	2011	China	Technostress	Computer self-efficacy, technological dependency	Technostress increases with age
[7] Wang	2008	China	Technostress	Education, age and sex	Technostress increases with age
[10] Ragu Nathan	2008	Spain	Job satisfaction	Technostress	Older workers experience less technostress
[36] Tu	2005	China	Technostress	Age, computer literacy, task complexity and reward	Age group > 35 years has more stress than the younger ones (with regard to overall, overload, task complexity, but not invasion, insecurity, and uncertainty
Burnout, exhaustion, depression
[34] Kouvonen	2015	Finland	Exhaustion	Overload, job, control information overload	Not age, but over time (follow-up of two years) overload is decreasing but exhaustion in increasing
[21] Day	2012	Canada	Burnout,	ICT use, ICT demand and support	Age is positively correlated with workload, and negatively with lack of job control, but there is no association with ICT burnout
[29] Hennington	2011	USA	Burnout	Perceived compatibility of ICT use	Age is negatively correlated with exhaustion
[52] Korpinen	2011, 2009	Finland	Depression	Use and importance of Internet at leisure time; Mobile phone, desktop, portable computer	Age considered linear, has a very small but significant positive effect on depression
Anxiety
[71] Korpinen	2011	Finland	Anxiety	Use and importance of Internet at leisure time; mobile phone, desktop, portable computer	Age considered linear, is not correlated with exhaustion. Furthermore, an age interaction considered, particular the age group 30–40 experience mental symptoms when exposed to ICT use. In the other age groups, no such effect is visible
[60] Mikkelsen	2002	Norway	Computer anxiety	Looking for several predictors	Computer anxiety increases with age
[15] Bozionelos	2001	UK	Computer anxiety	General predictors, but also age and experience	Youngest sample had highest computer anxiety scores. In the older group (advanced manager), anxiety and age are positively correlated, in the other groups they are negatively correlated

^aOnly first author is named.