Table 2.
Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for immigrants developing a common mental disorder (≥12 on CIS-R score) in different models of analysis
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Immigration status | ||||||||
| Non-immigrant | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Immigrant | 0.96 | 0.82, 1.13 | 0.76 | 0.56, 1.04 | 0.37 | 0.29, 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.45, 0.80 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Female | 1.52 | 1.22, 1.89 | 1.32 | 1.04, 1.68 | 1.39 | 1.11, 1.75 | ||
| Banded age | ||||||||
| 16 to 34 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| 35 to 54 | 1.48 | 1.10, 1.98 | 3.04 | 2.17, 4.25 | 1.73 | 1.27, 2.37 | ||
| 55 to 74 | 1.14 | 0.77, 1.69 | 4.07 | 2.64, 6.28 | 1.34 | 0.90, 1.99 | ||
| Social class | ||||||||
| I | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| II | 1.59 | 0.92, 2.75 | 3.50 | 1.58, 7.77 | 1.40 | 0.80, 2.47 | ||
| III non manual | 1.13 | 0.62, 2.07 | 2.09 | 0.88, 4.96 | 0.78 | 0.41, 1.49 | ||
| III manual | 1.19 | 0.68, 2.09 | 3.01 | 1.37, 6.65 | 1.15 | 0.66, 2.02 | ||
| IV | 1.26 | 0.71, 2.25 | 3.45 | 1.54, 7.73 | 1.88 | 1.07, 3.32 | ||
| V | 1.22 | 0.59, 2.52 | 6.51 | 2.64, 16.01 | 2.05 | 1.05, 4.01 | ||
| Other/never worked | 1.36 | 0.67, 2.57 | 6.53 | 2.68, 15.90 | 1.55 | 0.78, 3.06 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Married | 0.71 | 0.52, 0.97 | 0.41 | 0.27, 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.43, 0.94 | ||
| Separated | 0.89 | 0.52, 1.52 | 0.49 | 0.26, 0.94 | 0.57 | 0.31, 1.03 | ||
| Divorced | 0.59 | 0.35, 0.99 | 1.41 | 0.80, 2.94 | 0.64 | 0.34, 1.21 | ||
| Widowed | 0.50 | 0.26, 0.98 | 0.13 | 0.06, 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.15, 0.56 | ||
| Physical health score | 0.94 | 0.93, 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.90, 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91, 0.93 | ||
| Chronic strain score | ||||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| 1 | 2.24 | 1.55, 3.24 | 5.19 | 3.36, 8.00 | 3.62 | 2.47, 5.29 | ||
| 2 | 3.72 | 2.55, 5.43 | 9.85 | 6.39, 15.19 | 4.42 | 2.97, 6.58 | ||
| 3 | 4.70 | 3.17, 6.96 | 18.51 | 11.78, 29.10 | 6.47 | 4.28, 9.77 | ||
| 4 | 7.58 | 4.96, 11.59 | 11.85 | 7.40, 18.97 | 8.65 | 5.63, 13.29 | ||
| 5 | 13.37 | 7.46, 23.96 | 33.17 | 15.13, 72.72 | 14.31 | 7.16, 28.58 | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| NVQ4-5 degree or equiv | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Higher Ed below degree | 0.79 | 0.49, 1.28 | 0.56 | 0.29, 1.09 | 0.69 | 0.38, 1.25 | ||
| NVQ3/GCE a level equivalent | 1.14 | 0.73, 1.78 | 1.82 | 1.02, 3.22 | 1.09 | 0.63, 1.89 | ||
| NVQ2/GCE o level equivalent | 1.24 | 0.84, 1.83 | 2.52 | 1.62, 3.92 | 1.35 | 0.86, 2.10 | ||
| NVQ1/CSE other grade equivalent | 1.34 | 0.75, 2.38 | 0.58 | 0.28, 1.18 | 0.85 | 0.43, 1.68 | ||
| Foreign/other | 1.04 | 0.56, 1.91 | 1.64 | 0.86, 3.11 | 1.72 | 0.99, 3.01 | ||
| No qualification | 0.79 | 0.53, 1.18 | 0.60 | 0.38, 0.95 | 0.68 | 0.44, 1.05 | ||
| Religious or spiritual belief | ||||||||
| Religious | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Spiritual | 1.35 | 0.98, 1.87 | 0.97 | 0.63, 1.50 | 1.06 | 0.68, 1.65 | ||
| Neither religious or spiritual | 1.18 | 0.84, 1.65 | 2.02 | 1.28, 3.19 | 1.21 | 0.72, 2.02 | ||
| Ethnic group | ||||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Black – Caribbean | 1.02 | 0.70, 1.49 | 0.34 | 0.03, 3.28 | 0.95 | 0.62, 1.48 | ||
| Indian | 1.63 | 1.08, 2.45 | 1.42 | 0.15, 13.90 | 2.37 | 1.54, 3.64 | ||
| Pakistani | 1.69 | 1.11, 2.57 | 1.29 | 0.13, 12.82 | 2.52 | 1.64, 3.89 | ||
| Bangladeshi | 0.79 | 0.48, 1.32 | 0.75 | 0.08, 7.46 | 1.13 | 0.71, 1.80 | ||
| Physically attacked in the last year | ||||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| No | 0.36 | 0.24, 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.29, 0.91 | 0.45 | 0.27, 0.73 | ||
| Regular contact with friends | ||||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| No | 1.07 | 0.79, 1.46 | 0.59 | 0.43, 0.81 | 1.21 | 0.89, 1.64 | ||
Regression tables for the 4 models, Model 1 = unadjusted migration status, Model 2 = covariate adjusted, Model 3 = prosperity score matched sample matched on ethnic grouping, Model 4 = propensity score matched sample not matched on ethnic grouping