Table 2.

High-throughput considerations and where each technology fits

	User acceptability	Operator expertise	Data analysis expertise	Suitability for high-throughput	Level of evidence to date	Cost-effectiveness
Standard endoscopy	Low	High	High (image + pathology)	No	Standard of care for diagnosis-not widely implemented for screening	No
TLE	Moderate	High	High (image + pathology)	No	No RCT evidence in primary care	Modeling studies-promising
Capsule imaging	Moderate	High	High (image) unless automated	Medium	Preliminary in enriched population	Unknown
Cell collection device + biomarker	Moderate to high	Moderate	High (biomarker but binary and suitable for automation)	Yes	RCT in primary care ongoing (BEST3)	Promising
Blood-based biomarker	High	Low	Likely high depending on assay and algorithm automation	Yes	No RCT evidence in primary care	Unknown—likely cost-effective
Breath volatiles	High	Low	Likely high depending on assay and algorithm automation	Yes	Preliminary	Unknown—likely cost-effective