Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study groups
| Normal weight (n = 20) | Overweight/obese (n = 52) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basal clinical and laboratory parameters | |||
| Age | 23.50 ± 1.79 | 32.04 ± 7.88 | 0.0009 |
| Body weight (kg) | 68.08 ± 9.21 | 98.81 ± 14.82 | <0.000001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.38 ± 2.34 | 32.57 ± 2.99 | <0.000001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.75 ± 5.72 | 107.08 ± 9.05 | <0.000001 |
| % body fat | 23.73 ± 8.01 | 38.31 ± 5.87 | <0.000001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.50 ± 8.25 | 132.12 ± 10.59 | 0.00004 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.85 ± 5.82 | 82.28 ± 8.17 | 0.00008 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 81.61 ± 6.45 | 88.18 ± 5.43 | 0.0001 |
| Fasting serum insulin (μIU/mL) | 10.57 ± 6.02 | 14.99 ± 4.97 | 0.0037 |
| M (mg/kg ffm/min) | 9.77 ± 3.36 | 6.59 ± 2.97 | 0.0004 |
| Fasting serum FFA (mmol/L) | 0.52 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.20 | 0.031 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 169.60 ± 31.85 | 193.90 ± 29.81 | 0.0033 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 74.20 ± 32.66 | 116.44 ± 58.57 | 0.0034 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 66.83 ± 14.59 | 53.06 ± 12.93 | 0.00038 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 92.62 ± 25.23 | 122.07 ± 31.73 | 0.0007 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.36 ± 0.25 | 1.28 ± 0.77 | 0.000003 |
| Serum adipokine and cytokine concentrations | |||
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 14.29 ± 6.61 | 11.27 ± 4.74 | 0.047 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 5.93 ± 3.54 | 19.75 ± 9.51 | <0.000001 |
| hsIL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.09 ± 0.51 | 1.64 ± 0.59 | 0.00007 |
| sIL-6R (ng/mL) | 60.38 ± 19.83 | 56.83 ± 15.11 | 0.44 |
| sgp130 (ng/mL) | 319.10 ± 43.73 | 356.95 ± 70.82 | 0.036 |
| MIF (ng/mL) | 32.88 ± 7.59 | 36.52 ± 10.58 | 0.20 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 341.30 ± 69.58 | 372.51 ± 71.28 | 0.13 |
| MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 713.34 ± 245.51 | 802.71 ± 422.60 | 0.39 |
| IL-18 (pg/mL) | 203.00 ± 47.95 | 283.22 ± 77.06 | 0.00026 |
| AT gene expression (A.U.) | |||
| ADIPOQ | 1.67 ± 0.67 | 1.00 ± 0.48 | 0.00008 |
| LEP | 0.70 ± 0.23 | 1.02 ± 0.60 | 0.033 |
| IL6 | 0.93 ± 0.77 | 0.89 ± 0.57 | 0.86 |
| IL6R | 0.96 ± 0.54 | 1.00 ± 0.39 | 0.77 |
| IL6ST | 0.62 ± 0.31 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 0.0001 |
| JAK1 | 1.41 ± 0.67 | 1.00 ± 0.28 | 0.0005 |
| JAK2 | 1.55 ± 1.03 | 1.04 ± 0.41 | 0.0034 |
| STAT3 | 0.52 ± 0.10 | 1.02 ± 0.27 | <0.000001 |
| SOCS3 | 1.13 ± 0.60 | 0.99 ± 0.78 | 0.46 |
| MIF | 0.36 ± 0.11 | 0.96 ± 0.24 | <0.000001 |
| CCL2 | 0.39 ± 0.19 | 0.94 ± 0.50 | 0.000007 |
| MMP9 | 0.21 ± 0.23 | 0.97 ± 0.87 | 0.0005 |
| IL18 | 0.38 ± 0.20 | 1.00 ± 0.63 | 0.00005 |
A.U arbitrary units, BP blood pressure