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. 2018 Jun 23;16(4):344–359. doi: 10.1007/s11914-018-0461-9

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Rodent exercise paradigms. a. Forced treadmill running involves placing the rodent in an inescapable enclosure, either with or without an electrical shock grid to reinforce running behavior. Speed and incline of the treadmill can be adjusted. b. Voluntary wheel running paradigms yield either restricted or unrestricted access to the running wheel. During access, the rodent is free to run as much or as little as desired