Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| General information | Study design | Surgery | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | Year of publication | Design | N (patients) | Gender (M:F) | Mean age (SD/range) | Mean follow-up (months; SD/range) | Stabilization technique | Surgery type | Additional procedures performed | Questionnaires used |
| Baray et al. [3] | 2014 | Retrospective | 21 | 21:9 | 30.6 (± 12.4) | 18 (± 8) | Hemi-Castaing procedure | TD | NR | Tegner; AOFAS; Karlsson |
| Bell et al. [5] | 2006 | NR | 22 | NR | 20.7 (18–23) | 26.3 (24.6–27.9) | Bröstrom | Arep | NR | SANE; FAOS, AOFAS |
| Caprio et al. [8] | 2006 | NR | 11 | 8:3 | NR | 14.1 (NR) | Reconstruction with allogeneic semitendinosis graft | AR | NR | AOFAS; SF-12 |
| Cho et al. [9] | 2012 | Prospective | Modified Bröstrom | Arep | ||||||
| 20 | 12:8 | 33.9 (21–42) | 28.4 (24–33) | Transosseous suture | 10 | Karlsson | ||||
| 20 | 11:9 | 30.7 (15–44) | 29.2 (24–34) | Suture anchor | 9 | Karlsson | ||||
| de Vries et al. [11] | 2008 | Prospective | 39 | 19:20 | 43.2 (± 11.1) | 9 (NR) | Capsular shrinkage | CS | 39 | Karlsson; SF-36 |
| Ellis et al. [15] | 2011 | Retrospective | 11 | 4:7 | 48.9 (± 11.4) | 42 (± 12.4) | Anatomic lateral ligament reconstruction with tendon allograft (n.s.) | AR | NR | FAOS; SF-36; Karlsson |
| Hu et al. [20] | 2013 | Prospective | Modified Bröstrom | Arep | ||||||
| 40 | 32:8 | 34.8 (20–50) | 34.2 (24–72) | Bone tunnel | 21 | AOFAS; Karlsson | ||||
| 41 | 33:8 | 33.3 (19–52) | 32.8 (24–64) | Suture anchor | 26 | AOFAS; Karlsson | ||||
| Hua et al. [21] | 2012 | NR | 35 | * | 29.2 (18–52) | 37.9 (24–54) | Reconstruction with semitendinosis allograft | AR | NR | AOFAS; Karlsson |
| Hyer et al. [22] | 2004 | Retrospective | 4 | 3:1 | 29 (20–32) | 6 (NR) | Capsular shrinkage | CS | NR | Modified AOFAS |
| Ibrahim et al. [23] | 2007 | NR | 14 | 21:2 | 25 (18–29) | NR | Reconstruction with gracilis tendon | AR | NR | AOFAS; VAS; Karlsson; OMAS |
| Kim et al. [24] | 2015 | Prospective | 29 | 24:5 | Med 24 (19–46) | 21 (23–51) | Reconstruction with peroneus tendon | TD | 26 | Karlsson |
| Krips et al. [26] | 2002 | Retrospective | 54 | 32:22 | 25 (± 4.2) | 19.9 (± 3.6) | Karlsson technique | Arep | NR | Karlsson |
| 45 | 30:15 | 24 (± 4.2) | 21.8 (± 4.6) | Evans tenodesis | TD | NR | Karlsson | |||
| Mabit et al. [30] | 2010 | Retrospective | 310 | 164:146 | 28 (± 10) | 156 (60–360) | Duquennoy; augmented repair; (hemi-) Castaing | CS | NR | Karlsson; Tegner |
| Maffulli et al. [32] | 2013 | Retrospective | 38 | NR | 25.3 (18–41) | 104.4 (± 32.5) | Bröstrom | Arep | NR | AOFAS; Kaikkonen Score |
| Ng and Das De [34] | 2007 | NR | 20 | 20:0 | 23 (19–35) | 12 (6–20) | Bröstrom–Evans–Gould | TD | NR | Kaikonen |
| Oloff et al. [36] | 2000 | Retrospective | 10 | 7:9 | 34.5 (± 9.26) | 9.6 (± 5.44) | Capsular shrinkage | CS | NR | AOFAS |
| Schepers et al. [39] | 2011 | Retrospective | 20 | 12:8 | 33.9 (± 11.6) | 109.6 (± 64.3) | Hemi-Castaing procedure | TD | NR | OMAS; KAFS; VAS; SF-36; Tegner |
| Ventura et al. [47] | 2014 | Retrospective | 10 | 7:3 | Med 29.4 (25–35) | 16.3 (± 8.2) | Reconstruction with tendon allograft (n.s.) | TD | NR | AOFAS; Karlsson, Tegner activity level |
| Xu et al. [48] | 2014 | Retrospective | 32 | 18:14 | 32.4 (± 2.4) | 33.5 (± 6.7) | Reconstruction with semitendinosis autograft | AR | NR | AOFAS |
| 36 | 20:16 | 33.2 (± 3.2) | 18.5 (± 6.7) | Reconstruction with tendon allograft (n.s.) | AR | NR | AOFAS | |||
NR not reported, Arep anatomic repair, AR anatomic reconstruction, TD tenodesis, CS capsular shrinkage, Med median, n.s. not specified
* NR for the final study inclusion