Table 1. Physiochemical characterization of the nanoparticles; the table shows the sizes determined by FESEM, hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of TiO2 nanoparticles in different media. Band gap was determined by the SPR peak of the UV-Visible spectrum.
| Nanoparticles | Size (nm) by FESEM | Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) |
Zeta potential (mV) |
Band gap (eV) | ||
| Aq. | HF | Aq. | HF | |||
| Bulk TiO2 particles | 110 ± 09 | 268.2 ± 68 | 514.4 ± 24 | –46.6 ± 7.7 | –34.2 ± 6.3 | 3.4 |
| 5 h TiO2 nanoparticles | 85 ± 10 | 239.2 ± 29 | 461.2 ± 32 | –38.2 ± 7.1 | –28.6 ± 4.2 | 3.8 |
| 10 h TiO2 nanoparticles | 62 ± 14 | 185.5 ± 28 | 326.6 ± 18 | –26.4 ± 6.8 | –24.3 ± 3.6 | 4.2 |
| 15 h TiO2 nanoparticles | 46 ± 16 | 132.4 ± 20 | 276.5 ± 21 | –21.2 ± 6.6 | –16.7 ± 7.4 | 4.6 |