Fig. 2. Effect of Red Wine Extract (RWE) on the nuclear levels of phosphorylated-STAT-1. Cells were pre-treated with three different concentrations of RWE (200, 400 and 600 μg ml^–1) for 30 min and then stimulated with a mix of cytokines (20 ng ml^–1 TNF-α; 10 ng ml^–1 IL-1; 50 ng ml^–1 INF-γ). After 30 min of incubation, nuclear protein extracts were obtained and analysed by western blot using an anti-phospho-STAT-1 antibody. In the bar graph, the relative expression of phospho-STAT-1 normalized to the lamin B1 level represents the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments and is expressed as a percentage of cells incubated with cytokines (100%). Statistical significance: ***p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05 as compared to control cells; ^&&&p < 0.001 as compared to cells stimulated with cytokines.