Fig. 3. Effect of Red Wine Extract (RWE) on the total levels of phosphorylated-JAK-1. Cells were incubated as described in Fig. 1. After 30 min of incubation, total protein extracts were obtained and analysed by western blot using an anti-phospho-JAK-1 antibody. In the bar graph, the relative expression of phospho-JAK-1 normalized to the actin level represents the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments and is expressed as a percentage of cells incubated with cytokines (100%). Statistical significance: ***p < 0.001 as compared to control cells; ^&&&p < 0.001 as compared to cells stimulated with cytokines.