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. 2017 Jan 27;6(1):e16199. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2016.199

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Thermal characteristics of the GaN-based VCSEL bonded on a copper plate. (a) Simulated temperature contours around the active region of the QD VCSEL at the threshold. The solid lines display the geometry of the different materials used in the simulation. (b) Lasing wavelength as a function of consumed injection power. (c) Wavelength versus temperature as measured with a thermoelectric cooler.