Table 3. Estimated mean and 95% confidence interval of each group in some spatial parameters of gait analysis.
| Catwalk parameter | Paw/side | Time (day) |
Group Mean (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 4) | Sham (n = 4) | Tumor (n = 4) | |||
| Spatial parameters | |||||
| Stride length (cm) | LH | 0 | 0.09 (0.08; 0.09) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) # | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10) |
| 7 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.09) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.10) | ||
| 14 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.11 (0.10; 0.12)* # ∞ | ||
| 21 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.09) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) # | 0.11 (0.10; 0.13)* # | ||
| 28 | 0.08 (0.08; 0.09)* | 0.09 (0.09; 0.09) | 0.14 (0.13; 0.16)* # ∞ | ||
| RH | 0 | 0.09 (0.08; 0.09) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.09 (0.08; 0.09) | |
| 7 | 0.08 (0.08; 0.09) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) # | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) # | ||
| 14 | 0.10 (0.09; 0.11)* | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10)* | 0.11 (0.10; 0.12)* | ||
| 21 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.09) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | 0.11 (0.10; 0.12) | ||
| 28 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.09) | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.15 (0.13; 0.16)* # ∞ | ||
| LF | 0 | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | |
| 7 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.11 (0.10; 0.11) | 0.11 (0.11; 0.12) # | ||
| 14 | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.10)* | 0.11 (0.11; 0.12) | ||
| 21 | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | 0.12 (0.11; 0.14) # | ||
| 28 | 0.09 (0.08; 0.09)* | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.16 (0.14; 0.18)* # ∞ | ||
| RF | 0 | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | |
| 7 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.11 (0.10; 0.11) # | ||
| 14 | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11) | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10)* | 0.11 (0.10; 0.12)* | ||
| 21 | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.10 (0.10; 0.11)* | 0.12 (0.11; 0.14) # ∞ | ||
| 28 | 0.09 (0.09; 0.10)* | 0.10 (0.09; 0.10) | 0.17 (0.15; 0.19)* # ∞ | ||
| Max Contact Area (cm2) | LH | 0 | 0.49 (0.47; 0.52) | 0.56 (0.53; 0.59) | 0.53 (0.51; 0.56) |
| 7 | 0.48 (0.46; 0.49) | 0.47 (0.45; 0.50)* | 0.52 (0.50; 0.55) | ||
| 14 | 0.44 (0.42; 0.46)* | 0.41 (0.39; 0.43)* | 0.45 (0.41; 0.48)* | ||
| 21 | 0.40 (0.38; 0.42)* | 0.44 (0.42; 0.46)* | 0.46 (0.42; 0.51)* | ||
| 28 | 0.45 (0.42; 0.47)* | 0.43 (0.41; 0.45)* | 0.59 (0.53; 0.66) # ∞ | ||
| RH | 0 | 0.49 (0.47; 0.51) | 0.50 (0.48; 0.53) | 0.47 (0.45; 0.50) | |
| 7 | 0.44 (0.43; 0.46) | 0.45 (0.43; 0.48) | 0.46 (0.44; 0.48) | ||
| 14 | 0.43 (0.41; 0.45)* | 0.41 (0.39; 0.43)* | 0.43 (0.40; 0.46)* | ||
| 21 | 0.41 (0.39; 0.44)* | 0.42 (0.40; 0.44)* | 0.49 (0.45; 0.54) | ||
| 28 | 0.45 (0.43; 0.47)* | 0.47 (0.45; 0.50) | 0.56 (0.49; 0.63) | ||
| LF | 0 | 0.63 (0.60; 0.67) | 0.66 (0.63; 0.69) | 0.65 (0.62; 0.68) | |
| 7 | 0.61 (0.58; 0.63) | 0.60 (0.58; 0.63)* | 0.64 (0.61; 0.68) | ||
| 14 | 0.60 (0.57; 0.63) | 0.60 (0.57; 0.63) | 0.54 (0.51; 0.59)* | ||
| 21 | 0.59 (0.57; 0.62)* | 0.59 (0.56; 0.62) | 0.68 (0.62; 0.75) | ||
| 28 | 0.64 (0.60; 0.67) | 0.61 (0.58; 0.63) | 1.16 (1.04; 1.30)* # ∞ | ||
| RF | 0 | 0.63 (0.60; 0.67) | 0.70 (0.67; 0.73) | 0.60 (0.57; 0.63) ∞ | |
| 7 | 0.60 (0.57; 0.63) | 0.60 (0.57; 0.63)* | 0.57 (0.55; 0.60) | ||
| 14 | 0.58 (0.55; 0.62) | 0.56 (0.54; 0.59)* | 0.51 (0.47; 0.55)* | ||
| 21 | 0.57 (0.54; 0.61)* | 0.62 (0.59; 0.65) | 0.66 (0.60; 0.72) | ||
| 28 | 0.62 (0.60; 0.64) | 0.61 (0.58; 0.64)* | 1.00 (0.89; 1.12)* # ∞ | ||
| Print Position (cm) | LS | 0 | 2.15 (2.06; 2.25) | 1.96 (1.86; 2.05) | 1.91 (1.83; 2.01) |
| 7 | 1.94 (1.84; 2.05) | 1.85 (1.76; 1.95) | 1.53 (1.46; 1.60)* # ∞ | ||
| 14 | 2.24 (2.14; 2.34) | 1.97 (1.88; 2.06) # | 1.78 (1.65; 1.92) # | ||
| 21 | 1.92 (1.84; 2.00)* | 2.04 (1.95; 2.14) | 1.26 (1.14; 1.39)* # ∞ | ||
| 28 | 1.92 (1.85; 2.00) | 2.14 (2.04; 2.25) # | 0.35 (0.32; 0.39)* # ∞ | ||
| RS | 0 | 1.98 (1.89; 2.07) | 2.06 (1.97; 2.16) | 2.02 (1.93; 2.12) | |
| 7 | 1.95 (1.85; 2.06) | 1.97 (1.88; 2.07) | 1.80 (1.71; 1.89) | ||
| 14 | 2.06 (1.94; 2.19)* | 2.10 (2.00; 2.20) | 1.82 (1.69; 1.97) | ||
| 21 | 1.85 (1.77; 1.94) | 2.15 (2.04; 2.26) # | 1.37 (1.24; 1.51)* # ∞ | ||
| 28 | 2.01 (1.91; 2.10) | 1.94 (1.84; 2.03) | 0.60 (0.54; 0.67)* # ∞ | ||
| Base of Support (cm) | FP | 0 | 4.36 (4.13; 4.59) | 4.14 (3.93; 4.35) | 4.54 (4.33; 4.77) |
| 7 | 4.25 (4.02; 4.49) | 4.57 (4.36; 4.80) | 3.99 (3.80; 4.18)* | ||
| 14 | 4.58 (4.36; 4.81) | 4.58 (4.35; 4.82) | 4.01 (3.72; 4.31) | ||
| 21 | 4.34 (4.10; 4.60)* | 3.99 (3.80; 4.18)* | 3.84 (3.49; 4.23)* ∞ | ||
| 28 | 4.14 (3.95; 4.34) | 4.48 (4.27; 4.70) | 3.31 (3.00; 3.65)* # ∞ | ||
|
HP |
0 | 2.65 (2.50; 2.80) | 2.63 (2.50; 2.77) | 2.88 (2.75; 3.02) | |
| 7 | 2.78 (2.65; 2.91) | 2.54 (2.42; 2.67) | 2.73 (2.59; 2.87)* ∞ | ||
| 14 | 2.85 (2.73; 2.99) | 2.82 (2.69; 2.95)* | 2.60 (2.42; 2.80)* | ||
| 21 | 2.60 (2.45; 2.75) | 2.73 (2.61; 2.87) | 2.18 (1.98; 2.41)* | ||
| 28 | 2.71 (2.61; 2.82) | 2.76 (2.63; 2.91) | 1.56 (1.42; 1.72)* # ∞ | ||
Abbreviations: RF, right forepaw; RH, right hindpaw; LF, left forepaw; LH, left hindpaw; LS, left side; RS, right side; FP, forepaw; HP, hindpaw.
Multiple comparison analysis corrected by Bonferroni for time and groups.
* p < 0.001 in comparison to base time
# p < 0.001 in comparison to control group
∞ p < 0.001 in comparison to sham group