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. 2017 Feb 24;6(2):e16207. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2016.207

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Measured bit-error-rate performances; (a) the performance comparison between PPDM-4 DPSK system and PDM-QPSK system under the same SE and the same bit rate (100 Gb s⁻¹). Inset illustrates the simulation results; (b) the BTB, 10 and 80-km transmission bit-error-rate (BER) performances for 40 Gb s⁻¹ DPSK signal; (c) the BTB and 150-km transmission performances for 100-Gb s⁻¹ PPDM-4 DPSK signal.