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. 2017 Jul 14;6(7):e17011. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2017.11

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Experimental and theoretical intensity distributions of an annular optical vortex and IVBs with different spiral lobes. Annular azimuthal hologram (a) has the simulated (d) and experimental (g) ‘doughnut’-shaped intensity distributions. Annular azimuthal hologram with a radial shift (b) has a constringent ‘doughnut’-shaped intensity profile, as seen from the simulation (e) and experiment (h). IVH (c) has simulated (f) and experimental (i) spiral shape intensity profiles. (j–l) Comparison of vertical cuts of the intensity distributions of simulation and experiment corresponding to a–c. (m) Simulated intensity profiles and observed results of IVBs with topological charge l=±3, ±4 and ±6. The dark gaps in the simulated (f) and experimental (i) intensity patterns of the IVBs correspond to the zero phase in the hologram c.