Fig. 2. Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on ECG and heart rate in AEST administered rats. Values are means ± SEM (n = 6 for all groups). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Newman–Keuls test as a post hoc analysis to identify significant differences among the groups. VCD, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide; AEST, aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco; ET, 17β-estradiol; RSV 5, resveratrol 5 mg kg^–1; RSV 20, resveratrol 20 mg kg^–1; RSV 40, resveratrol 40 mg kg^–1; PT 5, pterostilbene 5 mg kg^–1; PT 20, pterostilbene 20 mg kg^–1; PT 40, pterostilbene 40 mg kg^–1; CT, combination therapy (resveratrol 20 mg kg^–1 and pterostilbene 20 mg kg^–1). ^aP < 0.05 when compared to the vehicle control group; ^bP < 0.05 when compared with the VCD group; ^cP < 0.05 when compared with the AEST group.