Table 1.

Characteristics of patients who had DXA scan and either lumbar spine radiograph or vertebral fracture assessment for comparison

Characteristics	Patients with L1–L4 BMD Z-score >1 SD difference between adjacent vertebrae (n=25)	Patients with L1–L4 BMD Z-score within 1 SD between adjacent vertebrae (n=56)	p Values
Age	10.4 (SD 4.0)	12.7 (SD 4.5)	0.03
Male	14 (56%)	28 (50%)	0.64
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic Caucasian	23 (92%)	53 (95%)	0.64
Others	2 (8%)	3 (5%)
Referral diagnoses for DXA
Post-transplantation, chemotherapy, and radiation*	14 (56%)	23 (39%)	0.65
Primary bone diseases†	2 (8%)	7 (13%)
Endocrine disease‡	4 (16%)	12 (21%)
Others§	5 (20%)	15 (27%)
Relevant medications¶
Glucocorticoids	10 (40%)	26 (46%)	0.64
Others**	0 (0%)	4 (7%)	0.31
No relevant medications	15 (60%)	28 (50%)	0.47

*Bone marrow, heart, and kidney transplantation.

†Osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis, and multiple stress fractures.

‡Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperthyroidism, premature pubarche, premature adrenarche, precocious puberty, primary ovarian failure, panhypopituitarism, Turner syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, and gender identity disorder.

§Duchenne muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, thalassemia, cerebral palsy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, chromosomal abnormality (5.6 Mb duplication from 9q22.33 to 9q31.1 and 202 Kb duplication at 17p13.3), complex neurodevelopmental disease, cystic fibrosis, hypercalciuria, prematurity, Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome, and Morquio A syndrome.

¶2 children were on both categories of medications.

**Anastrozole, leuprolide, and phenytoin.

BMD, bone mineral density; DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry.